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Mr.Kenan

Mr.Kenan

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12.05.2008
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  • THERE IS / THERE ARE

    "There is / there are" Türkçe'de "var" kelimesinin karşılığıdır. Tekiller ve sayılamayan isimler için "there is", çoğullar içinse "there are" kullanılır.

    SINGULAR (Tekil ve sayılamayanlar)

    there is.... (there's)
    is there...)
    there is not (there isn't)

    There is a big tree in the garden. (Bahçede büyük bir ağaç vardır.)
    There is a good programme on TV tonight.(Bu gece televizyonda güzel bir program var.)
    Excuse me, is there a good hotel near here? (Afedersiniz, buralarda güzel bir otel var mı?)
    There isn't any money in the bag. (Çantada hiç para yok.)

    PLURAL (Çoğul)

    there are....
    are there...?
    there are not... (there aren't)

    There are some big trees in the garden. (Bahçede birkaç tane büyük ağaç var.)
    There are a lot of people in the school. (Okulda bir sürü insan var.)

    Are there any books on the table? (Masanın üzerinde hiç kitap var mı?)
    Yes, there are. / No, there aren't.

    How many students are there in the classroom? (Bu sınıfta kaç tane öğrenci var?)


    THERE IS AND IT IS

    There is a vase on the table. (Masanın üzerinde bir vazo var.)

    Bu cümlede "It's a vase on the table" diyemeyiz.

    AMA;

    I like this vase. It's very expensive. (Bu vazoyu seviyorum. O çok pahalı.)

    Bu örnekte de "there is" kalıbını kullanıyoruz
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  • Dear Charles,

    Hello! I am sorry because I didn't have any free time to write you, and Happy New Year!! I hope that the new year becomes very well for you.

    How are you ? I'm very vell. Anyway, in Cyprus, we are in winter now and almost it's rainning everyday here. It's not too cold, but it's too windy. Which season do you live in Australia? I think that this type of mailing is not good. If you have a computer and you are connected to internet and you have ICQ, send me your nickname and ıcq number so I can find you and talk as quickly as possible. Have you got a computer?

    I am passed to second term in my school, this is a great chance for me because this makes a big easiness to learn english well. I think I have already learn it. Anyway tell me your life, what do you do now? I can't find anything to write you. I hope you will write back to me. I'd love to hear from you...
#19.05.2008 21:57 0 0 0
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  • PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

    Present Perfect Tense ile Continuous arasında kullanım açısından bazı farklılıklar olsa da, work ve live gibi bazı fiilerde iki tense'in kullanımı da aynıdır.
    Örneğin aşağıdaki iki cümle de doğrudur.

    I have been working in this company for four years.
    (Dört yıldır bu şirkette çalışıyorum.)

    I have worked in this company for four years
    (Dört yıldır bu şirkette çalışıyorum.)

    FORM Present Perfect Continuous

    [HAS / HAVE] + [BEEN] + [VERB+ing]

    EXAMPLES:

    I have been waiting here for two hours.
    (İki saattir burada beklemekteyim/bekliyorum.)

    She has only been studying English for two years.
    (O sadece iki yıldır İngilizce çalışmaktadır.)

    We use the Present Perfect Continuous to show that something started in the past and has continued up until now. "For five minutes", "for two weeks", and "since Tuesday" are all durations which can be used with the Present Perfect Continuous.

    (Present Perfect Continuous tense geçmişte başlamış bir şeyin şu ana kadar devam ettiğini belirtmek için kullanılır. "Beş dakika boyunca", "iki hafta boyunca" veya "Salı gününden beri" gibi zaman ifade eden kalıplar bu tense ile kullanılır.)

    EXAMPLES:

    They have been talking for the last hour.
    (Son iki saattir konuşuyorlar.)

    She has been working at that company for three years.
    (Üç yıldır bu şirktte çalışmaktadır.)

    James has been teaching at the University since June.
    (James Haziran ayından beri üniversitede öğretmektedir.)


    USE 2 Recently, Lately
    (Son zamanlarda)

    You can use the Present Perfect Continuous WITHOUT a duration such as "for five minutes", "for two weeks", and "since Tuesday". Without the durations, the this tense gives a more general meaning of "lately". We often use the words "lately" or "recently" in the sentence to strengthen this meaning.

    (Present Perfect Continuous tense aynı zamanda "beş dakika boyunca" gibi bir süreç belirtmeden de kullanılabilir. Bu zaman ifade eden kalıpları kullanmadığımızda cümlede "son zamanlarda" anlamı vardır ve daha geneldir. Anlamı kuvvetlendirmek için cümlelerimizde "recently" veya "lately" (son zamanlarda) gibi kelimeler kullanılır.)

    EXAMPLES:

    Recently, I have been feeling really tired.
    (Son zamanlarda kendimi gerçekten yorgun hissediyorum.)

    She has been watching too much television lately.
    (Son zamanlarda çok fazla TV seyrediyor.)

    Mary has been feeling a little depressed.
    (Mary kendini biraz depresyonda hissediyor.)


    IMPORTANT Non-Continuous Verbs/ Mixed Verbs

    It is important to remember that Non-Continuous Verbs cannot be used in any continuous tenses. To express the idea of Present Perfect Continuous with these exception verbs, you must use Present Perfect.

    (Bu tense'in kullanımına ilişkin hatırlanması gereken önemli bir nokta da şudur. Durağan fiiller, yani içinde herhangi bir eylem bulundurmayan fiiller (sahip olmak gibi) Perfect Continuous Tense ile kullanılamaz. Cümleye bu tense'in anlamını kazandırmak için Present Perfect Tense kullanılır.

    EXAMPLES:
    Sam has been having his car for two years. Yanlış

    Sam has had his car for two years. Doğru


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  • FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

    Diğer tüm "future" formlarda olduğu gibi, Future Perfect Tense de "when" "while" "before" "after" "by the time" "as soon as" "if" "unless" gibi zaman kelimeleriyle kullanılamaz. Bu derste kullanılan tüm zaman kalıpları italik yazılmıştır.
    EXAMPLES:

    I am going to see a movie when I have finished my homework. Doğru
    (Dersimi bitirince bir film seyredeceğim.)

    I am going to see a movie when I will have finished my homework. Yanlış

    FORM Future Perfect

    [WILL HAVE] + [PAST PARTICIPLE]

    EXAMPLE:

    I will have perfected my English by the time I come back from the U.S.
    (Amerika'dan döndüğümde İngilizcemi mükemmel bir şekilde geliştirmiş olacağım.)

    [AM / IS / ARE] + [GOING TO HAVE] + [PAST PARTICIPLE]

    EXAMPLE:

    I am going to have perfected my English by the time I come back from the US.
    (Amerika'dan döndüğümde İngilizcemi mükemmel bir şekilde geliştirmiş olacağım.)

    NOT: "will" veya "going to" kalıbıyla yaptığımız cümleler çoğu kez anlam farkına yol açmazlar. Bazı özel durumlarda iki tense birbirinin yerine kullanılamaz.

    The Future Perfect expresses the idea that something will occur before another action in the future. It can also show that something will happen before a specific time in the future.

    (Future Perfect tense gelecekte birşeyden önce bir eylemin olacağını ifade eder. Aynı zamanda gelecekte belirli bir zamandan önce bir eylemin olacağını ifade etmek için de kullanılır.)


    EXAMPLES:

    By next November, I will have received my promotion.
    (Önümüzdeki Kasım ayında terfi etmiş olacağım.)

    By the time he gets home, his wife is going to have cleaned the entire house.
    (O eve varana kadar karısı bütün evi temizlemiş olacak.)

    USE 2 Duration Before Something in the Future (Non-continuous Verbs) (Gelecekte birşeyden önceki süreç)



    With Non-continuous Verbs ,we use the Future Perfect to show that something will continue up until another action in the future.

    (Durağan filllerle (eylem içermeyen) bu tense'i kullandığımız zaman gelecekte bir şeyin, gelecekte başka bir eyleme kadar süreceğini ifade ederiz.)

    EXAMPLES:

    I will have been in London for six months by the time I leave.
    (Ayrılana kadar altı ay boyunca Londra'da olacağım.)

    By Monday, Susan is going to have had my book for a week.
    (Pazartesi gününe kitabım bir hafta boyunca Susan'da kalacak.)
#18.05.2008 15:04 0 0 0
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#18.05.2008 09:04 0 0 0
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  • FUTURE TENSES (WILL AND GOING TO)

    Future Tense Türkçe'deki gelecek zamanın ifadesidir. Türkçe'de olmayan "will" ve "going to" farkları ilk öğrenirken biraz zor gelse de, örneklerle birlikte iyi çalışıldığında gayet basit olduğu görülecektir.


    "WILL" FUTURE TENSE TABLO
    (+) (-)(?)I will playI won't playWill I play?You will playYou won't playWill you play?He will playHe won't playWill he play?She will playShe won't playWill she play?It will playIt won't playWill it play?We will playWe won't playWill we play?They will playThey won't playWill they play?
    "GOING TO" FUTURE TENSE TABLO
    (+) (-)(?)I'm going to play
    I'm not going to playAm I going to play?You're going to playYou aren't going to playAre you going to play?He's going to playHe isn't going to playIs he going to play?She's going to playShe isn't going to playIs she going to play?It's going to playIt isn't going to playIs it going to play?We're going to playWe aren't going to playAre we going to play?They're going to playThey aren't going to playAre they going to play



    USE 1 "Will" to offer something
    (Bir şey teklif etmek için)

    "Will" often suggests that a speaker will do something voluntarily. A voluntary action is one the speaker offers to do for someone else.

    (Bir iş gönüllü olarak yapılacağı zaman "will" kullanılır. Bu gönüllü eylem konuşan kişinin karşısındakine yaptığı tekliftir.)

    EXAMPLES:

    A: I'm really hungry. (Gerçekten çok açım.)
    B: I'll make some sandwiches. (Sana biraz sandviç hazırlıyım.)

    A: I'm so tired. I'm about to fall asleep. (Çok yorgunum. Uyumak üzereyim.)
    B: I'll get you some coffee. (Sana biraz kahve getiriyim.)

    A: The phone is ringing. (Telefon çalıyor.)
    B: I'll get it. (Ben bakarım.)


    USE 2 "Will" to Express a Promise
    (Söz vermek için)

    "Will" is usually used in promises.

    ("Will" genellikle söz verirken kullanılır.)

    EXAMPLES

    I will call you when I arrive. (Varınca seni ararım.)

    I promise I will not tell him about the surprise party. (Söz veriyorum. Ona sürpriz parti hakkında hiçbirşey söylemeyeceğim.)


    USE 3 "Be going to" to Express a Plan
    (Bir plandan bahsederken)

    "Be going to" expresses that something is a plan.

    ("Be going to" yapılacak bir eylemin planlanmış olduğunu belirtir.

    EXAMPLES

    He is going to spend his vacation in Hawaii. (Tatilini Hawai'de geçirecek.)

    We are going to meet each other tonight at 6:00 PM. (Bu gece 6'da buluşacağız.)

    A: Who is going to make John's birthday cake. (John'un doğumgünü pastasını kim yapacak?)
    B: Sue is going to make John's birthday cake. (John'un doğungünü pastasını Sue yapacak.)


    USE 4 "Will" or "Be Going to" to Express a Prediction
    (Tahmin yürütürken "Will" veya "Be going to")

    Both "will" and "be going to" can express the idea of a general prediction about the future.

    "Will" ve "Going to" gelecekle ilgili tahminde bulunurken kullanılabilir. Eğen tahminimizi destekleyen çok açık bir kanıt varsa "be going to" kalıbı tercih edilir. Bazı durumlarda her iki kullanım da tercih edilebilir.

    EXAMPLES:

    The year 2003 will be a very interesting year. (2003 yılı çok ilginç bir yıl olacak.)
    The year 2003 is going to be a very interesting year. (2003 yılı çok ilginç bir yıl olacak.)

    It will rain. (Yağmur yağacak)
    It's going to rain. (Yağmur yağacak. Eğer gökyüzü kara bulutlarla doluysa ve yağmurun yağacağı kesin gibiyse "going to" kullanılır.)


    DİKKAT!

    Özellikle "Will" Future Tense'li cümleleri Türkçeye farklı şekillerde çevrilebilir. Aşağıdaki örneklere bakınız.

    I will go to Italy. (İtalya'ya gideceğim.)
    I will bring you an asprin. (Sana bir asprin getiriyim.)
    I will open the door. (Kapıya ben bakarım.)

    Kısaca söyleyen kişinin niyetine bağlı olarak anlam da değişir.
#18.05.2008 07:45 0 0 0
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  • WHEN...? and HOW LONG...?

    "When" soru kelimesi Simple Past Tense ile, "How long" soru kalıbıysa Present Perfect Tense ile kullanılır. Aşağıdaki örneklerde iki kullanımın farkına bakın.

    Examples;

    When did it start snowing? (Kar yağışı ne zaman başladı?)
    It started snowing two hours ago. (Kar yağışı iki saat önce başladı.)

    Bu örnekte kar yağışının tam olarak ne zaman başladığı sorulmaktadır.

    How long has it been snowing? (Ne zamandır kar yağıyor?)
    It has been snowing for two hours. (İki saattir kar yağıyor.)

    Bu örnekte ise kar yağışının başlangıcı ve ne kadar zamandır devam ettiği sorulmaktadır.
    Aşağıdaki örnekte aynı şekilde iki soru kelimesinin farklı kullanımları verilmiştir.

    When did you first meet your girlfriend? (Kız arkadaşınla ilk ne zaman tanıştın?)

    How long have you known your girlfriend? (Kız arkadaşını ne zamandır tanıyorsun?)
#18.05.2008 07:44 0 0 0
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  • 2004 MAYIS KPDS SINAVI
    1-15. sorularda boş bırakılan yerlere uygun düşen ifadeyi bulunuz.
    1. Their Prime Minister has been able to act more aggressively in the past year because he has .. his power within the government.
    a) Recommended b) Reduced c) Compelled d) Consolidated e) impaired
    2. Pakistan the Indus and its tributaries for almost half of its irrigation supplies.
    a) turns back b) waits for c) takes to d) pulls up e) relies on
    3. The auroras are caused by the .. of solar winds with gases in the Earth's atmosphere.
    a) Intersection b) completion c) interaction d) perception e) distraction
    4. It seems strange to us now that miners and others employed in dangerous work should not have demanded the provision of. Headgear.
    a) Forceful b) obstructive c) relentless d) protective e) intensive
    5. In the past 30 years, our knowledge of the ancient Maya civilization has increased as a result of the decipherment of a newly discovered script.
    a) Significantly b) alternatively c) suspiciously d) persuasively e) conditionally
    6. .. providing luxury on every imaginable level, a five- star hotel should also have the ability to take you by surprise.
    a) with a view to b) in excess of c) consequent on d) in need of e) in addition to
    7. Ancient Peruvian textiles have survived in an excellent state of preservation . The dry conditions of much of the country.
    a) with regard to b) in comparison with c) in case of d) owing to e) in opposition to
    8. Exciting new research is transforming industrial robotics, offering the promise of whole new generation of intelligent machines.
    a) more b) much c) any d) mostly e) too
    9. He is hoping that, by the time he.for the grant, his book on Egyptian, silverwork ..
    a) has to apply/ will have been published
    b) had applied/ had been published
    c) was to apply / has been published
    d) will be applying / would have been published
    e) would have applied / will be published
    10. Is seems that, ever if big western companies .. to help develop lifesaving GM( genetically modified) seeds for the underdeveloped countries, only South Africa to accept them.
    a) will be willing/ is ready
    b) has been willing / will be ready
    c) had been willing/ would be ready
    d) would be willing/ was ready
    e) were willing / would be ready
    11. The big test .. over the next few weeks when the government . to introduce a plan to include drug coverage in Medicare.
    a) is coming/ will be expected
    b) comes/ was expected
    c) has come/ is expecting
    d) will come / is expected
    e) would come / would be expected
    12. Seafarers records..back to 1950it possible to visualize the behaviour of one of the planet's most mysterious phenomena: its magnetic field.
    a) dating / have made
    b) to date / would make
    c) being dated/ had made
    d) to be dated / are making
    e) to have been dated / will make
    13. The software has been designed to help detectives solve complex cases ..prompting them to explore lines .. Enquity other than the obvious ones.
    a) Through / to b) by / of c) from/ into d) over / with e) into / for
    14. Recent findings have suggested that, in ancient times too, man was capable causing rapid and decisive changes . the genetic make-up of staple crops.
    a) in / for b) to / of c) of / in d) from / over e) with / into
    15. .. Helmets had been revived for soldiers and extended to many workers, safety head coverings for athletes almost inevitably followed.
    a) While b) before c) although d) once e) until
    16- 20. sorularda aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük yada ifadeyi bulunuz.
    Satellite-servicing technology is being used to upgrade the Hubble Space Telescope to perform beyond its initial design requirements. Twice astronauts have replaced the telescope's solar panels (16). Higher-performance ones. The most impressive improvement, however, has come with the (17).. of a new camera to record the images seen by the Hubble . Its increased sensitivity makes it ten (18) as powerful as its predecessor and it (19) .. dramatically sharper images, some of them of stars and galaxies that were (20) to the old Hubble.

    16. a) from b) with c) to d) against e) over
    17. a) distribution b) application c) installation d) duplication e) reaction
    18. a) times b) figures c) degrees d) periods e) points
    19. a) will produce b) had produced c) has produced d) may produce e) would produce
    20. a) incapable b) inappropriate c) inadequate d) indestructible e) invisible
    21- 25. sorularda aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük yada ifadeyi bulunuz.
    Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803- 1882 ) was a sage, not a scientist, but he was more keenly interested in the scientific advances of his day than is commonly realized . One of his early aspirations was to be "a naturalist", and he started his career (21).. a lecturer- essayist by giving talks on natural science, (22) one focused on the chemical composition of water. (23).. Emerson went on to make his mark primarily in the areas of literature, religion, philosophy and social reform; he remained an eager lifelong student of both traditional and contemporary natural and social science. To date, however, this side of Emerson's thought and life (24) .only a handful of significant scholarly discussions. Emerson's life in science is the best of books (25).. this aspect of Emerson that have marked the bicentennial of his birth, and it is one that will endure.
    21. a) more b) so c) such d) as e) only
    22. a) describing b) including c) considering d) intending e) defining
    23. a) although b) therefore c) so that d) but e) since
    24. a) should attract b) is attracting c) will attract d) has attracted e)had attracted
    25. a) to b) for c) on d) with e) at

    26.- 35. sorularda verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.
    26. While most people still saw computers as science fiction,
    a) the discriminating few immediately appreciated their advantages
    b) the early ones were large in size and low in performance
    c) they continue to get smaller and more versatile
    d) it is hard to imagine how banks earned on their work without them
    e) a majority still wish they had never been invented
    27. .. so long as you pay attention and stick to the rules.
    a) There is a huge number of fascinating wrecks around Britain
    b) Wrecks under the sea can contain hazardous materials like oil and muttons
    c) Scuba diving is very safe
    d) Scuba was first patented in 1865 and was perfected over the years
    e) Scuba divers get a great deal of pleasure from exploring wrecks


    28. unless there is an agreement to the contrary.
    a) copyright is a form of protection provided to the creators of "original works of authorship"
    b) The authors of a joint work are co-owners of the copyright in the work
    c) There is list of countries that maintain copyright relations with the United States
    d) Works by the US government were not eligible for copyright protection
    e) Works consisting entirely of information that is common property were given no such protection
    29. Although Japan has one of the world's most rapidly ageing populations,.
    a) Japanese companies will be world leaders in catering for the elderly
    b) other countries such as China and South Korea and most of Western Europe are closing the gap
    c) in 2004 one-fifth of its population will be 6 or over and there will be more than 20,000 people over the age of a hundred
    d) the increasing burden of providing pensions and health care for the growing number of elderly will cause Japan's public finances to remain by far the worst in the developed world
    e) to safeguard the financial assets of its pensioners, the bank of Japan will not be able to take any radical measures
    30. . that a road once linked the newly discovered settlement with one of the great Inca cities.
    a) The whole is in a remarkable state of preservation
    b) We wouldn't be surprised
    c) The surrounding area would have been cultivated
    d) There are at least 30 stone structures
    e) It seems likely
    31. Teachers cannot be criticized for failing to promote engineering
    a) so the manner in which design is presented is of first importance
    b) that it is not a required field of study in most technical universities
    c) whether students should follow enough maths and science courses to quality for engineering school
    d) if they have not been exposed to it themselves
    e) as all the young children had a flair for designing and building
    32. This new pink cell phone actually gives advices on
    a) Which dieting techniques should have been avoided
    b) why the display doubles as a mirror
    c) how to dress in accord with the day's weather
    d) how often the battery would have to be charged
    e) where its special features will be included
    33. Most cultures have their own foundation myths to explain
    a) how long the world had been in existence
    b) why society is as it is
    c) so as to satisfy their curiosity concerning how the world began
    d) what has been happening in still earlier times
    e) unless there was no trace of any former inhabitants
    34. , they are especially common during the spring and early summer.
    a) Although tornadoes can happen at any time of the year
    b) Since the conditions that lead to the formation of tornadoes are most often to be found in the central and southern United States
    c) As a tornado is a dark funnel-shaped cloud made up of violently rotating winds
    d) White tornadoes in the United States generally travel in a northeast direction
    e) Because tornadoes are capable of lifting houses off their foundations and hurling them considerable distances
    35. The artist's work should take the viewer to a place ..
    a) so it gave his paintings a shadowy aged appearance
    b) where there were domestic situations based around one or two figures
    c) if his paintings are deliberately vague
    d) which reflect the confidence that emerged in her childhood
    e) that he cannot go to on his own





    36.-40. sorularda verilen Türkçe cümleye anlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyi bulunuz.

    36. 1942'de gerçekleşen ve 3 Haziran'dan 6 Haziran'a kadar süren Midway Savaşı, tarihçiler tarafından 2.Dünya Savaşının bir dönüm noktası olarak görülmüştür.
    a) Historians insist that the Battle of Midway, Which took place between June 3rd and June 6 th 1942, should be regarded as a turning point in World War II.
    b) According to many Historians, the Battle of Midway, Which took place in 1942 between June 3rd and June 6th, can be regarded as a turning point in World War II.
    c) The Battle of Midway, Which took place in 1942 and lasted from June 3 rd to June 6th, has been regarded by historians as a turning point in World War II.
    d) In the opinion of historians, the turning point of World War II came with the Battle of Midway, June 3rd-6th, 1942.
    e) Historians tend to regard the Battle of Midway, June 3rd-6th, 1942, as the turning point of World War II.
    37. Bugün bildiğimiz dünya, bazı kıtaların birbirinden uzaklaşması sonucu on milyon yıl sonra, muhtemelen tamamen tanınmaz olacaktır.
    a) As a result of continental drift, the world that we know will surely be completely unrecognizable ten million years from now.
    b) It seems likely that ten million years from now the world , as we know it today, will be unrecognizable to drift away from each other.
    c) Should be continents continue to drift away from each other, after ten million years the world will be quite unlike what it is today.
    d) After ten million years, the world as we know it today will probably be completely unrecognizable as a result of some continents drifting away from each other.
    e) ten million years from now the world, as we know it today, could be quite unrecognizable if the continents continue to drift apart in this way.
    38. "Uzay Laboratuarı Projesi" , insanların uzayda hiçbir olumsuz etki olmadan uzun süre yaşayabileceğini ve çalışabileceğini göstermek için NASA tarafından tasarlanmıştır.
    a) NASA wanted to determine through the design of "Project Skylab" just how long people could live and work in space without any ill, effects all.
    b) The "Project Skylab" experiment established for NASA that people can live and work in space for long periods of time without experiencing any ill effect.
    c) The aim of NASA's "Project Skylab" was to determine whether people could live and work in space, without adverse effects, over long periods of time.
    d) NASA's aim in designing "Project Skylab" was to learn how long men could live and work; in space without ill effect.
    e) "Project Skylab" was designed by NASA to demonstrate that people can live and work in space for prolonged periods without any ill effect at all.
    39. Başkan Bush, bir televizyon konuşmasında Amerikan halkına , terörizme karşı savaşın yüksek maliyetler ve kişisel özveri gerektiren uzun bir mücadele olacağını söyledi.
    a) President Bush's televised speech concerning war against terrorism warned the American people that the struggle would be a long one and entail high costs and much personal sacrifice.
    b) Televised speech President Bush told the American people that the war against terrorism would be a long struggle requiring high costs and personal sacrifice.
    c) In a speech that was televised, President Bush warned the Americans that a war against terrorism could prove expensive and entail much personal sacrifice.
    d) In his speech, which was televised? President Bush asked the American people to be willing to sacrifice themselves in the cause of the struggle against terrorism.
    e) The people of America were asked by President Bush in a speech broadcast on television to be prepared to pay in money and personal sacrifice, for war against terrorism.
    40. Umman'ın Yemen'le olan sınır anlaşmazlığı, iki ülke arasında Ekim 1992'de antlaşma imzalanması üzerine sona erdi.
    a) Omans border dispute with Yemen came to an end upon the signing of an agreement in October 1992 between the two countries.
    b) In October 1992, Oman and Yemen signed an agreement which helped to end the border dispute between the two countries.
    c) It was in October 1992 that the border dispute between Oman and Yemen finally came to an end, and the two countries signed an agreement.
    d) In October 1992, Oman and Yemen finally signed an agreement which brought their border dispute to an end.
    e) Oman's border dispute with Yemen only ended in October 1992 when the two countries came together and signed an agreement.

    41. - 45, sorularda, verilen İngilizce cümleye anlamca yakın Türkçe cümleyi bulunuz.
    41.Most people in the world today recognize that it is the duty of a government to develop a policy with regard to the conservation of the environment.
    A) Bugün dünyada pek çok insan, çevrenin korunmasına yönelik bir politika geliştirmenin, hükümetin görevi olduğunu kabul etmekledir.
    B) Çevrenin korunmasına ilişkin bazı politikalar geliştirmenin bir hükümet görevi olduğu, bugün dünyada pek çok insan tarafından kabul edilen bir gerçektir.
    C) Bugün dünyada pek çok insanın da kabul ettiği gibi, çevrenin korunması konusunda etkili politikalar izlemek her hükümetin görevidir.
    D) Bir hükümetin görevleri arasında çevrenin korunmasına yönelik politikalar ortaya koymanın da bulunduğu, bugün dünyada pek çok insanın benimsediği bir
    konudur.
    E) Çevrenin korunmasıyla ilgili politikalar benimsemenin bir hükümetin temel görevi olduğu bugün dünyada pek çok insan tarafından kabul edilmektedir.
    42. Abu Dhabi may be the largest and wealthiest of the seven emirates that constitute the United Arab Emirates, but it is Dubai that has come to the fore.
    A) Her ne kadar Dubai çok bilinse de Abu Dabi, Birleşik Arap Emirlikleri'ni kuran yedi emirliğin en büyüğü ve en zengini olarak görülebilir.
    B) Birleşik Arap Emirlikleri'ni oluşturan yedi emirlikten en büyüğü ve en zengini Abu Dabi'dir, ancak bunlardan en çok bilineni Dubai'dir.
    C) Birleşik Arap Emirlikleri'ni oluşturan yedi emirlikten biri olan Abu Dabi, bunların en büyüğü ve en zenginidir ama Dubai daha çok bilinir.
    D) Abu Dabi, Birleşik Arap Emirlikleri'ni oluşturan yedi emirliğin en büyüğü ve en zengini olabilir, ancak öne çıkmış olan Dubai'dir.
    E) Dubai daha iyi tanınmakla birlikte, Abu Dabi'nin Birleşik Arap Emirlikleri'ni oluşturan yedi emirliğin en büyüğü ve en zengini olduğu kabul edilebilir.

    43-In some parts of the world, many believe that politics is not a suitable job for women, but eventually such opposition seems likely to disappear.
    A) Dünyanın çeşitli bölgelerinde birçok insan siyaseti kadınlar için uygun bir uğraş olarak görmemektedir; ancak bu tür muhalefet zamanla yok olacaktır.
    B) Dünyanın bazı bölgelerinde pek çok kişi siyasetin kadınlar için uygun bir uğraş olmadığına inanmaktadır; ancak bu tür muhalefet zamanla ortadan kalkacak gibi görünmektedir.
    C) Birçok insan siyasetin kadınlara uygun bir iş olmadığını düşünmektedir; ancak dünyanın pek çok yerinde bu muhalefetin zamanla yok olacağına inanılmaktadır.
    D) Dünyanın çeşitli bölgelerinde çoğu insan siyasetin kadınlara uygun bir uğraş olduğuna kesinlikle inanmamaktadır; ancak bu muhalefet zamanla önemini yitirecektir.
    E) Pek çok kişi siyaseti dünyanın bazı bölgelerinde, kadınların yapabileceği bir uğraş olarak görmemektedir; ancak bu tür muhalefetin zamanla önemini yitireceğine inanılmaktadır.
    44, The strategic importance of Malta was first recognized by the Phoenicians, who occupied it and established a trade colony there.
    A) Malta'nın stratejik önemini ilk anlayan Fenikeliler, burayı işgal ettiler ve burada bir ticaret
    kolonisi kurdular.
    3) Malta'nın stratejik önemi nedeniyle burayı işgal eden Fenikeliler, ilk önce bir ticaret kolonisi kurdular.
    C) Malta'nm stratejik önemi, ilk kez, arayı işgal eden ve orada bir ticaret kolonisi kuran Fenikelilerce anlaşılmıştır.
    D) İlk kez Fenikeliler tarafından işgal edilen Malta'nın stratejik önemi hemen anlaşıldı ve burada bir ticaret kolonisi kuruldu.
    E) Malta'nın stratejik önemini anlayarak burayı işgal eden Fenikeliler, ilk ticaret kolonisini
    burada kurdular.
    45. Analysis of the reddish surface soil of Mars points to the presence of oxidized iron, indicating that at the planet's surface is rusting.
    A) Mars'ın kızılımsı yüzey toprağının analizi, gezegenin yüzeyinin paslanmakta olduğunu gösteren oksitlenmiş demirin varlığına işaret etmektedir.
    8) Mars'ın kızılımsı yüzey toprağı analız edildiğinde, oksitlenmiş demirin varlığı nedeniyle gezegen yüzeyinin paslanmakta olduğu görülür.
    C) Mars'ın kızılımsı yüzey toprağının analizi, oksitlenmiş demirin varlığını göstermektedir ve gezegen yüzeyinin paslanmasının nedeni de budur.
    D) Mars'ın kızılımsı yüzey toprağının analizinden, oksitlenmiş demir varlığının, gezegen yüzeyinin paslanmasına yol açtığı anlaşılmaktadır
    E) Mars'ın kızılımsı yüzey toprağının analizi ile, oksitlenmiş demir varlığına bağlı olarak gezegen yüzeyinin paslanmakta olduğu belirlenmiştir
    46. - 51. sorularda bos bırakılan yere, parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz
    46. The ability to recognize people automatically by analyzing bodily characteristics such as fingerprints, faces and eyeballs -known as biometrics - has long been a goal of both technologists and governments. .................... Both America and Europe plan to start issuing biometric passports as soon as next year.
    A) Lobby groups have campaigned against biometrics on the grounds that they would invade privacy
    B} Biometric technology has been around for quite some time, but has not been widely adopted
    C) The introduction or biometric identity documents cannot be considered for a long time since it would be so expensive
    D) Plans for projects to incorporate biomedical seams into passports. Identity cards and visas are now under way in several countries
    E) Biometric could undermine security by providing a sense of false security
    47-Until the development of the first scientific dating techniques around the beginning of the ast century, dating in archaeology depended almost entirely on historical methods. ................ Such dating methods are stile of immense value today.
    A-For instance, excavations in Egypt at the and of the 19th century brought to light pottery of Aegean origin
    B-in the ancient world, literate societies such as these recorded their own history in written documents
    C) The chronological system requires even more careful reconstruction, and any list of rulers or kings needs to be reasonably complete
    D-Other areas of Mesoamerica had their own calendars which operated on similar lines
    e) That is to say, it relied on archaeological connections with chronologies and calendars that people in ancient times had themselves established
    49. There was a time when the American accounting system was the envy of the world, ................ it encouraged millions of average people to invest, thus transforming America into the world's first mass equity culture.
    A) Boosting the integrity and standards of the Financial markets is a critical imperative
    B) Its transparency, uniformity and credibility allowed investors to make intelligent comparisons among US corporate earnings statements
    C) Regulators and analysists should have embraced it or at least something very much like it
    D) There are almost as many measures of earnings today as there are companies
    E) it offers them a road map to restoring investor confidence though there are shortcomings in the proposal that
    50. The Conservative Party, which dominated British politics in the 20tn century, is a shadow of its former self.............There is now only one conservative Member of
    Parliament from Scotland and none from Wales. Large cities such as Liverpool elect no conservatives.
    A) Moreover. the selection of parliamentary candidates is in the hands of small groups with extreme views
    B) Elsewhere in Europe right-wing parties continue to thrive
    C) Thatcher governed Britain for 11 years and was generally known as the "iron lady"
    D) Even when a conservative candidate is elected it is usually by a narrow margin
    E) Their role in the European Parliament at this time inspired neither respect nor confidence
    51. Researchers are attempting to create the computer equivalent of human cognitive abilities, and they have had considerable success........................ But as little as 50 years ago, how would people have reacted to a machine thai corrected errors in spelling and grammar!
    A) The research community, underestimating the incredible abilities of the human brain, seriously misjudged how difficult the task would be.
    B) in the field of intelligence, how does man compare with machines?
    C) Man was certainly reluctant to admit that machines could be physically stronger than man.
    D) The chess machine is an interesting example in theory since all one had to do was create a computer chip that could analyze several million chess
    positions per second.
    E) For instance, we now have computerized spelling and grammar checkers; they are standard components of all word processors today.
    52. - 57. sorularda, verilen durumda söylenmiş olabilecek sözü bulunuz.
    52. A friend's child is acting in a very disturbing way. You feel that professional help is urgently needed, so you say to your friend and her husband:
    A) Why don't you wait a little? l think you're being over-anxious.
    B) All children go through difficult limes.
    C) I really think you ought to consult a psychiatrist as soon as possible.
    D) it's probably just a phase he's going through. Not to worry.
    E) You must come to some agreement between yourselves before going to a psychiatrist.
    53, You are organizing a conference on the Hittites, and wish to open it up to a wide public. Hence, you decide to invite as the main speaker, an eminent Hittite
    historian, well-known on account of his studies in this field. On the phone you say to him:
    A) Your works on the Hittites have always generated a lot of discussion among colleagues
    B) Do try to come; your presence and your speech at the conference will arouse a great deal of public interest.
    C) l am a great admirer of your work and enjoyed listening to your paper at the conference.
    D) l was delighted to hear that you'll be present at the opening of the conference.
    E) Let me know as soon as possible whether you will in fact be able to attend the conference and give a paper.
    54. You are sending an article to a Journal tor publication and wish to alert the editor to the fact that the article is based on the results of research which lasted tor nearly ten years, in your covering letter you say:
    A) it seems like ten years now since l began working on this research project and have finally got the results that are detailed in this article.
    B) During the past decade, I enjoyed collecting the material for this article. l hope you think it is worthwhile.
    C) The material is completely reliable: I collected it all myself.
    D) I do have more material, but I think this article is quite long enough.
    E) I would like to point out that this article draws upon almost a decade-long research-work.
    55. You are working on the Stock Exchange as a broker. A client of yours is insisting on investing in the shores of a company that, in your opinion, is not sound. To discourage him you say:
    A) l believe you'd be well-advised to put off making any decision for a while.
    B) l presume you have checked on how this company is doing, haven't you?
    C) You may be right. l don't wish to influence your decision.
    D) l don't regard this as a wise choice since this company no longer inspires confidence.
    E) Come back in a day or two; in the meantime, find out more about the company.
    56. You are the judge presiding over a trial and think that a considerable amount of evidence presented by the defence lawyer is of no relevance to the case. So you say to him:
    A) Are you quite sure that this piece of evidence does not conflict with what you have previously said?
    B) in my opinion, the evidence presented by the defence lawyer has little bearing upon the case.
    C) The evidence presented in this case seems to me to be rather controversial.
    D) The defence lawyer has presented his evidence in a very precise manner.
    E) l put it to you, as the lawyer for the defence, that much of this evidence has nothing to do with the case.

    57. On entering your office you find a colleague of yours working on your computer. On seeing you, he immediately starts apologizing and says:
    A) I' m sorry I was not able to let you know before.
    B) Sorry for using your computer without your permission.
    C) I tried to reach you last night, but didn't manage to.
    D) Forgive me for not getting it finished in time.
    E) Sorry to keep you waiting. It's almost finished.
    58, - 63. sorularda cümleler siraslyla okunduğunda parçanin anlam bütünlüğünü bozan cümleyi bulunuz.
    58, (I) After decades of experimentation, the first practical and fairly reliabie typewriters arrived on the market in the early 1870s. (II) Over the next fifteen years or so they became established in American offices and were soon regarded as indispensable. (ili) But they were large and ungainly. (IV) Obviously, these early models printed under the roller, so you couldn't see what you had typed till several lines later. (V) Indeed, one of the early models was built into a table, like a sewing machine and had a pedal to operate carnage return,
    A) l B) II C) III D) IV E) V
    59. (l) While mega cities are renowned for pollution, they often generate a lot of money. (II) Estimates made during the past two decades suggested that most mega cities would continue to increase at an alarming rate. (!!!) But contrary to expectations, more people are now leaving many of the world's (largest urban areas than are moving in. (İV) For example, the population of Sao Paulo was expected to reach 24 million by the year 2000, but fewer than 13 million live there now. (V) There is a similar situation in cities such as Calcutta, Buenos Aires and Beijing.
    A) l B) II C) İII D) IV E) V
    60. (I) in India, a lower-middle-class group is steadily emerging, (II) it was a long time before any improvements were made to the infrastructure, (III) Further, with the arrival of television, the expectations of these people have risen considerably. (IV) Indians are now demanding better education for their children. (V) They are also asking for tarred roads to facilitate business, and better products and services to make their lives easier.
    A) l B) II C) III D) IV E) V

    61. (i) The film Last Samurai takes place in Japan in the mid-1870s and is based on the life of Saigo Takamori, a samurai. (II) This samurai lived during the period of transition in which the country's ancient feudai culture, symbolized by samurai warriors, was being rapidly replaced by western ways. (III) Production of the film began at the 1000-year-oid Engyoji temple in Hirneji near Tokyo. (IV) Throughout the film, the producers tried to be true to the elegant simplicity of Japanese architecture. (V) The rest of the film was made in New Zealand, where they built a replica of a 17th century samurai village, and in Callfornia.
    A) l B) II C) III D} IV E) V
    62- (l) Europe has no need for biotechnology. (II) Its people are already well-fed and its farmers receive generous subsidies, (III) apparently, gene-spliced crops make farming safer, easier and more productive. (IV) Indeed the wealthy European countries are inclined to see farming as a traditional cultural activity, similar to folk dancing that deserves preservation. (V) They don't see it as an economic activity that needs to be maximized.
    A) I B) II C) III D) V E)V
    63- (I) Ever since the latter part of the 1990s, industrial pollution is being replaced by vehicle-linked smog in China. (II) Already, Shanghai planners estimate that 90% of the city's air pollution is from motor vehicles. (III) The thick smog over many Chinese cities has huge health costs. (IV) The World Bank estimates * that air pollution takes about 5% of China's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in health care costs and lost productivity from those too ill to work. (V) The nation has placed enormous economic and political capital into developing the car industry and the passenger car is rapidly becoming a syrnbol of the country's success.
    A) I B) II C) III D) V E)V
    64. - 69. sorularda, verilen cümleye anlamca en yakin olan cümleyi bulunuz.
    64. The meeting lasted tor longer than we had expected as, for some reason or another, there were continual interruptions.
    A) The interruptions that made the meeting last for so much longer than we anticipated were all of them quite unnecessary.
    B) it was on account of there being so many interruptions that the meeting went on for so much longer than we had expected.
    C) We were interrupted time and again, on various accounts, so the meeting went on longer than we had anticipated.
    D) in spite of a succession of quite unnecessary interruptions, the meeting didn't actually last much longer than the time scheduled for it.
    E) The scheduled time was not adequate for the meeting but this was largely due to a succession of very annoying interruptions.

    65. He should have known better than to have left his son in charge of the factory if only for a week.
    A) Though it was only for a week, it was foolish of him to make his son responsible for the running of the factory.
    B) it was quite wrong of him to leave his son to run the factory for as long as a week.
    C) it was foolish of the boy to imagine he could take his father's place in the factory for a week.
    D) He must have known that he couldn't leave his son in charge of the factory for a whole week.
    E) He was mistaken in thinking that his son was up to the responsibility of running the factory for a week.
    66. To be honest, l wasn't expecting Andy to stand up for me so openly at the meeting.
    A) l have to admit that l wasn't too pleased when Andy took my part like that at the meeting.
    B) Frankly, it came as quite a surprise to me when Andy was so outspokenly on my side at the meeting.
    C) it came as quite a surprise to me, too, that Andy should declare himself to be on my side.
    D) Actually l really wish Andy hadn't been so ostentatiously on my side throughout the meeting.
    E) Naturally, when Andy look my part so strongly at the meeting. I could hardly hide my surprise.
    67. it seems I'm expected to introduce the main speaker at the conference, so I'd better find out something about his recent activities.
    A) I need to familiarize myself with what our main speaker has been doing of late, as apparently it's my job to introduce him at the conference.
    B) I've been chosen to introduce our main speaker at the conference which means l need to find out something about him.
    C) I haven't managed to find out much about our main speaker at the conference but must do so as it's my job to introduce him.
    D) As I've been asked to introduce the main speaker at this conference, l shall obviously have to get hold of some information about his academic career.
    E) If l am to introduce this speaker at our conference, it's obviously essential that l have some idea of what he has been doing in recent years.
    68. In my opinion, too many of the things that happen in this company depend upon the chairman's discretion.
    A) Just because he happens to be chairman of the company he thinks he's the chief decision-maker.
    B) I reckon that the company chairman has far too big a say in what happens here.
    C) The fact that he's the company chairman doesn't give him the right to give all the orders.
    D) it seems to me that the chairman interferes in most of the affairs of the company
    E) As I see it, the company chairman doesn't know how to delegate the work of the company efficiently.
    69. The reason behind the minister's refusal to make a statement to the press is uncertain, but l imagine he's playing for time.
    A) The minister continues to find excuses for not making a statement to the press but before long he will presumably have to do so.
    B) l can't think why the minister still refuses to hold a press conference; perhaps he doesn't have the time.
    C) The minister, for some reason or another, still avoids a confrontation with the press but he can't do this much longer.
    D) No one knows why the minister is avoiding meeting the press, but l expect he will have to do so before long.
    E) it's not clear why the minister has declined to make a statement to the press, but presumably it's a question of delay tactics.
    70. - 75. sorularda, karşılıklı konuşmanın boş bırakılan kısmini tamamlayabilecek ifadeyi bulunuz.
    70. Jennifer: You know l took a course in finance, but I really cannot follow these arguments that are going on concerning the stock markets.
    Colin: That's because in finance text books, markets are perfect and stock prices reflect all available financial information.
    Jennifer:..................
    Colin:: Exactly
    A) Can't they do something to ensure that individual stocks are more accurately valued?
    B| But how are investors reacting?
    C) Are genuine earnings actually appreciably lower than investors have been led to believe?
    D) l suppose you're actually saying that in the real world this is not the case; is that it?
    E) Actually, l reckon the buying and selling of stocks is basically a form of gambling; what do you think?

    71. Giles: I see the question of immigration continues to carry a lot of weight in Switzerland.
    Chris:Yes; they are not allowed to forget that; and they've developed a complex about it.
    Giles:.................
    Chris : Still, immigration is a problem for them, and a fifth of the Swiss population is now foreign.
    A) Last year some 12% of asylum applications were accepted, this being an increase on previous years.
    B) The party's supporters nearly all come from the German-speaking cantons.
    C) Voters have again reacted proposals by right-wingers who are seeking to limit immigration.
    D) That's because the authorities turned back Jewish refugees at the height of the genocide during World War II.
    E) They continue to be sensitive about criticism abroad on this issue.
    72. Gary: in Germany, only one in five workers is a trade union member.
    Patrick:..................
    Gary: That wouldn't be as easy as it sounds. A fair proportion of their lower houses of parliament are union officials.
    Patrick: Is that so?
    A) l didn't know that- So what's the problem?
    B) Then why doesn't the government simply stand up to the unions?
    C) So the unions can't have much power!
    D) Then why is their power so great that they are regarded as a kind of shadow government?
    E) But they still make their presence felt in various ways.
    73. Aiec : How are you getting on with that book of short stories James gave you?
    Malcolm :
    Alec:Why was that?
    Malcolm : Well, all the stories make strange things seem ordinary, and ordinary things strange. It's rather disturbing at first.
    A) Fine now, but found it a bit difficult to get into at first.
    B) l haven't even begun to read it.
    C) It's too modern r me; it's also too literary
    D) To be honest, l don't really like autobiography.
    E) Grand. lrish Murdoch is one of my favourite writers.
    74-Kitty: What is meant by & '"gated community"?
    Larry:It's a residential area that is literally fenced off from the rest of a town and privately guarded.
    Kitty:.....................
    Larry: Oh, usually the rich and the famous; for instance a lot of the country's top football players.
    A) l wouldn't be happy living like, that.
    Q) in Britain, what sort of people live there
    C) it might suit people of a nervous disposition.
    D) Are they common in Europe and America?
    E) That doesn't necessarily rnake them particularly safe!
    75. Mary: According to this survey the majority of really successful businesswomen invest themselves in their careers, and are actually very lonely
    Jennv : And what about the successful businessmen?
    Marry: .................................
    Jenny: I can believe that. But it's odd, isn't it?
    A) Surely you're not suggesting that they are lonely too
    B) l haven't got to them yet. I'll let you know when I do
    C) l don't know. I've never met one.
    D) l hadn't thought about that. Aren't they too busy to be lonely?
    E) Their case is very different. They are usually happily married and have children
    76. - 80. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya gore cevaplayiniz.
    Behavioural biologist Jane Atkinson and her colleagues have been studying the subtleties of how crows steal food from one another. Atkinson had been watching the birds at the beach as they fed on fish, clams and other small animals in the inertial zone. She noticed that if a crow had found a particularly large meal that couldn't be eaten in a single gulp, another crow would often come by and try to steal the food away. Food theft is fairly common in the bird world, so the crows' thievery wasn't unexpected. What really intrigued Atkinson was that the birds employed two different tactics to take the food? in some instances, the thieving bird would take an aggressive approach - typically involving some chasing or physical contact, such as pecking in other exchanges, however, the thief would use a more passive method: merely approaching the other bird secretively and stealing the food without any commotion at all. What the team wanted to know was: how did these tactics fit into the group foraging practices of the crows?

    76. According to the passage, the question that interested the research team was.
    A) Whether the crows' stealing practices were instinctive or acquired
    B) wry the crows chose to steal
    C) related to the crows' foraging practices
    D) whether the nature of the food affected the degree of attempted theft
    E) whether the stealing practices of crows differed from those of other birds
    77. it is clear from the passage that the research team was not surprised that the crows were trying to steal from each other common
    A) because this is a practice among birds
    B) since there was a scarcity of food at the time
    C) though crows don't steal food as often as other birds do
    D) but it was surprised at their rate of success
    E) but the bitterness of the fight came as a surprise

    78. According to the passage, when one crow plans to steal food from another one, _
    A) this is really a means of establishing its superionty
    B) it will invariably try to do so in the first place without being seen
    C) there will inevitably be a fight between the two
    D) this is a sure sign that both crows are really hungry
    E) it will sometimes approach quite openly and boldly
    79-We understand from the passage that so long as a crow _ .
    A-can swallow its food at one gulp, it will encounter no challenge
    B-can find food easily, it will not steal from another crow
    C-can get food by stealing, it won't look elsewhere for it
    D-has eaten well, it is unlikely to try to steal food
    E) is able to steal food without fighting, this is the method it will favour



    81. - 85. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.
    in many ways, Hollywood seems to exemplify the most joyless aspects of capitalism. The "industry", as it insists upon calling itself, packages artistic ideas and images as commodities and then values those commodities according to how they "penetrate" markets. The system's worrying inefficiency, of course, is that studios never know what the public at large will want to buy. So films are tested in front of preview audiences, revised according to the audience's suggestions, tested again, and then marketed with vigour directly proportionate to the test scores. There are two problems with this approach. The first is that the test-sample size is minimal but can determine a film's fate. The second is that by the time the test audience sees a film it's too late to change it very much anyway, particularly when twenty, fifty or a hundred million dollars has already been spent.
    81. One point made in the passage about test audiences is that they.
    A) seldom have any real understanding of artistic values
    B) add to the expenses of film-making
    C) rarely have any constructive criticism to make
    D) are ignorant of the Hollywood techniques of film making
    E) are too small to be truly representative of the general public
    82. According to the passage, film-makers find it difficult to.
    A) carry out any market research to find out about the wishes of film-goers
    B) find volunteers for their preview audiences
    C) raise the money needed for film- making
    D) guess what sort of films will be popular and so profitable
    E) revise scripts to meet the expectations of their audiences
    83-As we understand from the passage, the writer _
    A) is a great admirer of Hollywood's film-making
    B) seems reluctant to call film-making an industry
    C) is sympathetic towards the film-industry and wants it to be more successful
    D) attaches great importance to the suggestions of preview audiences
    E) thinks that the amount spent on a film is usually in proportion to its success
    84- it is clear from the passage that Hollywood regards its films as
    A) commodities to be selectively marketed to suitable audiences
    B) artistic creations designed for sophisticated audiences
    C) goods to be dynamically marketed
    D) the most creative products of capitalism
    E) financial investments which are sure to make a profit
    85- We understand from the passage that the making of a film .
    A) is far more important than the marketing of it
    B) usually involves a very large financial investment
    C) is a strictly secret process until it finally goes on show
    D) usually follows the norms established by Hollywood
    E) is guided by a whole series o representative preview audiences
    86. - 90. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.
    Reading presents a real paradox to neurobiologists. It was only invented a few thousand years ago, so there really has not been enough time for our brain to evolve specialized ways to do it. How do brain circuits produced by millions of years of evolution in a world without written words adapt to the specific challenges of reading? We know we have to learn the skill but how does our brain learn to read? in the social sciences, the majority of researchers do not see a problem. There is a widespread view that the brain is a completely adaptable organ, capable of absorbing any form of culture. Yet recent findings from brain imaging studies and neurophysiology throw new light on the organization of the reading circuits in the brain. The findings contradict this simplistic model of a brain that merely absorbs everything from its cultural environment. And they suggest that the architecture of our brain is limited by strong genetic constraints though it seerns that it has still some degree of flexibility.
    86. The passage makes the point that, until recently, .
    A) it was only the abnormal brain that attracted any attention
    B) researchers in social sciences ignored the views of neurophysiologists concerning the brain
    C) the brain was generally thought to adapt itself easily to new cultural environments
    D) the structure of the brain did not attract much attention except from neurobiologists
    E) neurophysiologists were not aware of the structural complexity of the brain


    87. The writer is intrigued by the fact that the brain, which evolved long before the written word came into use,
    A) had already had the genetic capacity to form words
    B- had been able to communicate through images
    C) had already developed certain reading circuits
    D) managed to adapt itself to the very distinct skill of reading
    E) had already achieved full flexibility to adapt itself to new forms of culture
    88. A recent view neurophysiologists, the brain, is that _ .
    A) it is extremely flexible as it is not affected by genetic heritage
    B) its structure is largely shaped by genetic traits
    C) it has developed various specialized skills over the last thousand years or so
    D) its circuits have remained constant for millions of years
    E) its creative powers are more apparent in some fields of learning
    89-According to the passage, although people have had the skill of reading for several thousand years, _
    A) the actual process of learning how to read has only just been discovered by neurophysiologists
    B) there has been no improvement in the speed at when people can read
    C) the brain remains inflexible and cannot cope with different cultures
    D) from the angle of evolution, this has been insufficient for the brain to develop particularized reading skills
    E) it is only in the social sciences that this skill has been seriously studied
    90. The purpose of the passage is to
    A) explain how the brain has evolved towards creativity over thousands of years
    B) raise questions about, rather than explain, the reading abilities of the brain
    C) highlight recent developments and controversies in the field of neurophysiology
    D) emphasize the adverse effects of different cultural environments on the human brain way from
    E) draw attention to the neurobiology differs neurophysiology
    91. - 95. sorulan aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.
    Throughout history, eyewitnesses have reported orange glows, fireballs or flashes in the days before and during an earthquake. it was in 1968, however, that the first photographs of "earthquake lights" were taken during a series of earthquakes in Japan. Some showed red streaks across the sky. Others looked like a low blue dawn from a distance. in 1999, floating bails of light in the sky were broadcast on Turkish television, reportedly filmed the night before the devastating earthquake of 7.4 on the Richter scale that killed many thousand people in the Marmora region of Turkey. Mysterious or not, repeated sightings of earthquake lights confirm their existence. it has to be said that earthquake lights are a fairly well-known phenomenon, but we don't know what they mean, or what causes them. Seismologists have struggled far years to find a reliable earthquake predictor. Could the lights hold the key?
    91. in the passage, the writer wonders whether .
    A) earthquakes lights might help in the prediction of earthquakes
    B) the orange glows supposedly sighted before an earthquake were actually seen
    C) the photographs taken of earthquake lights in Japan are of any scientific use
    D) earthquakes cause the lights, or whether the lights cause the earthquakes
    E) the devastation caused by the Marmora earthquake could have been prevented
    92. The passage emphasizes the fact that the Marmora earthquake
    A) was televised as it was happening
    B) was followed by strange lights in the sky
    C) was indeed a catastrophic one
    D) greatly puzzled seismologists
    E) took everyone, seismologists included, by surprise
    93. We understand from the passage that the sighting of earthquake lights
    A) has led to a great deal of confused and contradictory reporting among seismologists
    B) first occurred in Japan
    C) is a fairly recent phenomenon in Japan
    D) has attracted virtually no scientific attention from seismologist's
    E) goes back a very long way in time
    94-It is pointed out in the passage that the photographic recording of earthquake lights.
    A) was made tor the first time less than half a century ago
    B) was only done with great success during the Marmora earthquake
    C) is what finally convinced people of their existence
    D) is widely regarded as a visual deception
    E-has always been a major concern for seismologists
    95-The writer of the passage seems to be confident that.
    A) seismology is advancing rapidly through the study of earthquakes lights
    B)future earthquakes will be reliably predicted by means of earthquake lights
    C)earthquake lights have frequently been observed and even filmed
    D) the mystery of earthquake lights can never be resolved
    E) the appearance of fireballs and flashes in the sky are a sure sign of an approaching earthquake
    96. - 100. sorulan aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.
    Much has been said and written about the declining numbers of and disappointing lack of diversity among American college students majoring in engineering. Among the factors cited to explain this phenomenon are the lack of exposure of high school students to the very idea of engineering and the fact that many have insufficient mathematics and science background to gain entrance to engineering school, even if they do identify the profession as a possible career. This is unfortunate, for the ideas of engineering should be integrated into the curricula not only of high schools but also of middle and primary schools. Our children are being done a disservice by not being exposed properly throughout their education to engineering activities identified as such. After all, even pre-school children have the prerequisites in their play for appreciating exactly what engineering is: design. Indeed, design is everywhere around them throughout their school day, even in their before-school and after-school activities. it need only be pointed out to them that they are designing something, and therefore being enquirers of sorts, in virtually everything that they do.
    96. The writer of the passage feels strongly that ..............
    A) children should be involved in engineering activities at an early age
    B) many children are being unfairly directed into a career in engineering
    C) the mathematics an science courses in schools need to be modernized
    D) university engineering courses ought to be upgraded
    E) the education of pre-school children is being given too much importance
    97. The writer points out chat children can, at a very early age......................
    A) be encouraged to take part in after-school activities
    B)develop an interest in scientific matters
    C)make up their minds to study engineering at university
    D)learn something about the basis of engineering, which is design
    E)be influenced by their school environment
    98-The writer recognizes the fact that engineering....................
    A)is becoming less and less popular as a field of study among university students
    B) is only suitable for highly intelligent students
    C)is a complicated subject only suitable for really mature students
    D) has become one of the most popular fields of study at American universities
    E)requires many years of treading prior to qualification
    99-Among the reasons given in the passage for the decline in the numbers of engineering students is that............
    A) the American schools still follow out-dated curricula
    B) university entrance requirements are far too demanding
    C) it is generally recognized as one of the most difficult of all the courses
    D) engineering in the US is not considered to be a competitive field of study
    E) many of them fail to acquire an adequate knowledge of mathematics and science at high schools
    100-According to the passage, all school programmes--------.
    A) should be designed to make students aware of the engineering practices and principles
    B)ought to give priority to the sciences
    C)must encourage children to make creative designs
    D)seem to put the emphasis on the need to diversify learning
    E)overlook the fact that all children are different
















    1- d
    2- e
    3- c
    4- d
    5- a
    6- e
    7- d
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    10- e 11- d
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    20- e 21- d
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    26- a
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    30- e 31- d
    32- c
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    34- a
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    36- c
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    40- a 41- a
    42- d
    43- b
    44- c
    45- a
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    50- d 51- e
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    60- b 61- b
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    70- d 71- d
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    80- b 81- e
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    100- a
#18.05.2008 07:43 0 0 0
Mr.Kenan Mr.Kenan foto
  • Konu: 1996 kpds
    1996 MAYIS KPDS SORULARI

    1- His study of the situation covers a great deal of relevant material but doesn't tackle the real issues .. enough.
    A-disturbingly B-outrageously C-vaguely D-adequately E-currently

    2- At present, the rate of economic growth is very satisfactory, but .. when foreign competition makes itself felt, this will not be the case.
    A-enthusiastically B-eventually C-considerably D-effectively E-preferably

    3- Serbian in Bosnia has been strongly condemned by the civilised but little serious action has been taken against it.
    A-conduct B-settlement C-investment D-treaty E-compliment

    4- In view of the severe economic recession, his appointment to this office was regarded as highly
    A-refutable B-compulsory C-persuasive D-appropriate E-considerable

    5- In a child, curiosity normally suggests intelligence and is welcomed; but an adult is best avoided.
    A-indefinite B-indulgent C-indecisive D-impartial E-inquisitive

    6- I am not that his proposal actually will lead to an improvement in the situation.
    A-impressed B-deferred C-convinced D-refrained E-deserved

    7-It is a society that is ... to waging war on all forms of environmental pollution .
    A- regarded B- preferred C- referred D- committed E- upheld

    8- Many of the pictures sent from outer space are presently on .. in the public library.
    A- duty B- display C-account D-exchange E- reinforcement

    9- One way cutting down waste is to recycle such things .. glass and paper.
    A-of / as B-to / of C-as / off D-in / to E-with / in

    10- Some of these new drugs, capable .. curing a variety of diseases are sometimes hazardous . use or disposal.
    A- about / with B-for / at C- by / through D- in / by E- of / in

    11- As he failed to reply in time, the organisers took his name .the list.
    A- below B- to C- in D-by E-off

    12- The judge ruled that the evidence given by the witnesses at the trial was substantial .. to prove the doctor guilty of negligence.
    A-already B- all right C-enough D-fairly E-still

    13- .. of the information he gave could have been found in any encyclopaedia.
    A-A few B- Many C-Few D- Much E-A great many

    14- The director has promised that finds a solution to this particular problem will be well awarded.
    A- who B- whoever C- the one D- whomever E- anyone

    15- I was immensely impressed by both the qualifications and the personality of the candidate, but on the selection committee was.
    A- all the rest B- several others C- many D- hardly anyone else E- most of the others

    16- Several members of the research team haven't handed in their reports yet and I must admit I haven't .
    A-as well B-too C-either D-also E-neither

    17- Why don't you take your lawyer with you to the meeting there are problems he can deal with for you?
    A- whether B-even if C- as ever D-unless E-in case

    18- Weren't they supposed a detailed study of the area before they chose the site for the new factory?
    A-to have to make B-to have made C- making D-having made E-to be made

    19- Since he became the chairman of the company, he ... used to working late and he seems to enjoy it .
    A-has got B-gets C- was getting D- had got E- will be getting

    20- Until the very last minute, we couldn't find out whether or not he .. to sign the treaty.
    A-will agree B- would agree C-has agreed D- is going to agree E- has to agree

    21- By the end of the 20th century all the countries in the EC a political union.
    A-formed B-have formed C-are forming D- are being formed E-will have formed

    22- The banks complained that they . adequate notice regarding the new monetary policy.
    A-are not being given B-are not given C-haven't given D-had not been given E-will not be giving.

    23- Hardly ever such a gathering of distinguished scientists from so many different countries.
    A-there were B- there has been C-has there been D-would there have been E-there had been

    24- The rescue workers . able to rescue some of those who . still alive under the rubble.
    A-should be / were B- may be / are C- might have been / have been D-will be / would be E- were/ will be


    25- I wished I hadn't given him a job in the firm .
    A-although he is less efficient than I once assumed.
    B-unless he makes a big effort to prove he can be useful.
    C-wherever a suitable vacancy may occur.
    D-that my father was a founding member
    E-when I saw him behaving in such an irresponsible manner.

    26-Alec must have taken my car
    A-since no one else knows where I keep the car keys.
    B-that I left it in front of the office.
    C-if we have arranged to meet at the dentist's.
    D-since he would never do such a thing
    E-as soon as I get back from the concert.

    27- Wouldn't it be advisable to seek a second opinion .?
    A-as events were to prove in the end
    B-if the operation had to take place
    C-that it was legally sound
    D-before we come to any definite solution
    E-why there were no obvious problems

    28-The new American administration is still hesitating about .
    A-who would have presided over the Senate
    B-why so many new taxes had been imposed
    C-whether to increase expenditure on education
    D-how the problem of famine in Asia had been overcome
    E-which programme had been approved by the committee

    29-Unless the northern part of the country gets some rain soon ..
    A-they were considering reducing supplies even further
    B-cotton would not have been a suitable crop for the area
    C-they have already started to irrigate the rice fields
    D-it seems that the new dam is not very efficient
    E-there will be poor fruit crop this year

    30- Even though there were a great many applicants for the vacancy

    A-not one of them had the qualifications required
    B-actually the salary is expected to improve
    C-the new recruits will be put on a three- week special training programme
    D-the personnel department cannot cope with the paper work
    E-unfortunately some of the staff had already resigned

    31-.. which has a fairly central situation.
    A-They seemed interested in both houses
    B-We really need a hotel
    C-I arrived late for the meeting
    D-It should have been easy to get them
    E-His mother decided to come by car

    32- that the case was far more complicated than he had originally thought.
    A-According to the lawyer, much is involved
    B-The witnesses were called in
    C-As the police had reported
    D-Following the uproar caused by the press coverage
    E-In the light of the new evidence, the judge realised


    33-You may take your salary in foreign currency, should you so wish.
    A-Maaşınızı döviz olarak almak istediğinizi belirtiniz.
    B-Maaşınızı döviz olarak alabilmeniz için başvuruda bulunmanız gerekir.
    C-Maaşınızı döviz olarak almak istediğinizi yazıyla bildirin.
    D-Arzu ederseniz maaşınızı döviz olarak alabilirsiniz.
    E-İsterseniz maaşınızın belirli bir miktarı döviz olarak ödenebilir.

    34-Whatever the verdict the court gives, the public will always regard him as guilty.
    A-Mahkemenin kararına rağmen , herkes onu hala suçlu görüyor.
    B-Mahkeme nasıl karar verirse versin, halk onu daima suçlu görecek.
    C-Herkesin onu suçlaması, mahkemenin vereceği kararı etkilemeyecek.
    D-Onun suçu ile ilgili mahkemenin vereceği kararı herkes merakla bekliyor.
    E-Mahkeme ceza vermese bile, o yine de herkesin gözünde suçlu olacaktır.

    35-In the post-war period higher education became one of the policy priorities for western governments.
    A-Yüksek öğretim batılı hükümetler için ancak savaştan sonra siyasi özelliği olan bir konu oldu.
    B-Yüksek öğretim, ancak savaştan sonra batılı hükümetlerin üzerine öncelikle eğildikleri bir konu oldu.
    C-Savaş sonrası dönemde, yüksek öğretim batılı hükümetler için siyasi önceliklerden biri oldu.
    D-Batılı hükümetlerin savaş sonrası siyasetlerinde yüksek öğretim konusu önemli bir yer tutmaktadır.
    E-Savaş sonrası dönemde, yüksek öğretim batılı ülkelerin en çok önem verdikleri konulardan biriydi.

    36-Some people are able to adapt more easily to sudden changes in working conditions.
    A-Bazı insanlar, çalışma koşullarındaki ani değişimlere daha kolay uyum sağlayabiliyor.
    B-Çalışma koşullarında önemli gelişmeler yaparak, bazı insanların işe daha kolay uyum sağlamalarına olanak verilebilir.
    C-Bazı insanların kolay uyum sağlamaları için çalışma koşullarının derhal değiştirilmesi gerekir.
    D-Bazı insanların işlerine kolay uyum sağlamaları çalışma koşullarındaki köklü değişikliklere bağlıdır.
    E-Bazı insanların çalışma koşullarına kolay uyum sağlayabilmeleri için değişiklik gerekebilir

    37-All through the 1970s many industrial countries experienced a serious energy crisis owing to rapid increase in oil prices.
    A-1970'li yıllarda petrol fiyatlarındaki hızlı artış, en çok sanayi ülkelerinde enerji bunalımı yarattı.
    B-1970'lerde sanayi ülkelerinde yaşanan ciddi enerji bunalımına petrol fiyatların-daki hızlı artış yol açmıştır.
    C-1970'ler boyunca, pek çok sanayi ülkesi, petrol fiyatlarındaki hızlı artiş nedeniyle ciddi bir enerji bunalımı yaşadı.
    D-Sanayi ülkelerinde 1970'lerde yaşanan enerji bunalımının temel nedeni petrol fiyatlarındaki sürekli değişiklik idi.
    E-1970'li yıllarda petrol fiyatlarındaki ani değişiklikle, sanayi ülkelerini ciddi bir enerji bunalımına sürükledi.

    38-Even though a number of measures have been taken to prevent the smuggling of arms, the problem hasn't yet been solved.
    A-Alınan tüm önlemler, silah kaçakçılığını engellemede ve sorunu kökten çözümlemede yetersiz kalmıştır.
    B-Silah kaçakçılığı sorununun çözümlenebilmesi için daha pekçok önlem alınması gerekiyor.
    C-Alınan çeşitli önlemler sonucu silah kaçakçılığı azalmışsada sorun tamamen çözümlenmiş değildir.
    D-Silah kaçakçılığını engellemek için bir dizi önlem alınmasına rağmen, sorun henüz çözümlenmiş değildir.
    E-Silah kaçakçılığına karşı alınan bir dizi önleme rağmen, sorunun çözümü mümkün görülmemektedir

    39-If the birth rate is not adequately controlled, especially in the poorer countries, the resources of the world will soon be used up.
    A-Doğum oranı, özellikle yoksul ülkelerde, yeterince denetim altına alınmazsa dünya kaynakları kısa sürede tükenecektir.
    B-Dünya kaynaklarının hemen tükenmemesi için yoksul ülkelerde doğum oranı denetim altına alınmalıdır.
    C-Yoksul ülkelerdeki doğum oranı denetlenmediği sürece, dünyanın kaynakları yetersiz kalacaktır.
    D-Özellikle yoksul ülkeler, doğum oranını denetim altına almadıkları için dünyadakı tüm kaynaklar kısa sürede tükenecektir.
    E-Dünyada doğum oranı denetim altına alınınca, kaynaklar özellikle yoksul ülkelerde kullanılacaktır.

    40-It is too early yet to tell whether the new mayor will actually be able to fulfil the promises he has made.

    A-Henüz hiç kimse yeni belediye başkanının verdiği sözleri yerine getirdiğini söyleyemez.
    B-Yeni belediye başkanının verdiği sözleri gerçekten yerine getirip getirmeyeceğini söylemek için daha çok erken.
    C-Yeni belediye başkanı gerçekten o kadar çok söz verdi ki bunları yerine getirip getirmeyeceğini söylemek için daha çok erken.
    D-Yeni belediye başkanı, verdiği sözleri yerine getirebilmesi için vaktin çok erken olduğunu söylüyor.
    E-Yeni belediye başkanından verdiği sözleri yerine getirmesini istemek için henüz vakit çok erken.

    41-The recently appointed head of the department has got to gain the confidence of the faculty before he can introduce any radical changes.

    A-Bölümde köklü değişiklikleri başlatmak üzere atanan yeni bölüm başkanı, öncelikle öğretim üyelerinin desteğine gerek duydu.
    B-Yeni atanan bölüm başkanı, öncelikle öğretim üyelerinin güvenini kazanmaya çalışarak bir değişiklik yarattı.
    C-Yeni atanan bölüm başkanı, kapsamlı değişiklikleri başlatmadan önce tüm öğretim üyelerinin güvenini kazanmak zorundadır.
    D-Yeni atanan bölüm başkanı, köklü değişiklikleri başlatmadan önce öğretim üyelerinin güvenini kazanmak zorundadır.
    E-Öncelikle öğretim üyelerinin desteğini isteyen yeni bölüm başkanı, önemli değişikliklere daha sonra başladı.

    42-As Dr. Fawcett has demonstrated in his latest article, it is the underdeveloped countries that have been worst hit by the economic recession.

    A-Son makalesinde Dr.Fawcett'in belirttiği gibi, az gelişmiş ülkelerdeki ekonomik durgunluğun etkisi çok yaygındır.
    B-Dr. Fawcett, son makalesinde, ekonomik bunalımların en yoğun olarak az gelişmiş ülkelerde yaşandığını öne sürdü.
    C-Dr Fawcett'in son makalesinde de belirttiği gibi az gelişmiş ülkeler ekonomik durgunluktan en çok etkilenenlerin başında geliyor.
    D-Ekonomik bunalım nedeniyle ekonomileri bozulan az gelişmiş ülkeler Dr Fawcet'in son makalesine konuk oldular.
    E-Son makalesinde Dr Fawcett'in açıkladığı gibi ekonomik durgunluktan en kötü biçimde etkilenenler az gelişmiş ülkelerdir.


    43-Dünyadaki birçok havayolunun tersine "Blue Air" bu yıl kar almayı gerçekten başarmıştır.
    A-Unlike many of the world's lines, "Blue Air" has actually managed to make a profit this year.
    B-"Blue Air" is just one of the airlines which has managed to make a substantial profit this year.
    C-Very many of the world's airlines have, unlike "Blue Air", managed to make a good profit this year.
    D-Even though there are so many world airlines, "Blue Air" has still managed to make a profit this year.
    E-Contrary to what many world airlines inferred, "Blue Air" really has made a profit this year.

    44-Akdeniz ülkelerindeki uyuşturucu kaçakçılığı ile ilgili raporunuzu sundunuz mu?
    A-Isn't your report concerning the drug trafficking across the Mediterranean due in yet?
    B-Have you submitted your report concerning the drug trafficking in the Mediterranean countries yet?
    C-Has your report on drug traffic to be submitted for consideration to the Mediterranean countries?
    D-Haven't you been asked yet by the Mediterranean countries to submit a report on drug trafficking?
    E-Hasn't the subject of drug traffic in the Mediterranean countries been included in your report?



    45-Rehinelerin başlangıçta korkulduğu kadar kötü muamaleye tutulmadığı anlaşılıyor.
    A-Everyone assumed that the hostages would be badly treated and at first they were.
    B-Apparently the first fear of the hostages was that they would be badly treated.
    C-It seems that bad treatment of the hostages didn't continue as at first they feared it would.
    D-The hostages seemed to be afraid but actually they were not ill-treated.
    E-It would seem that the hostage were not so badly treated as was feared at first.

    46-Başkan, yıllık toplantıyı açış konuşmasında harcamalarda kesinti yapılması gereğini vurguladı.
    A-In his opening speech at the annual conference, the chairman will discuss ways of curtailing expenditure.
    B-The chairmen stressed at the annual conference that ways to reduce expenditure would have to be concerned.
    C-In his opening address at the annual conference, the chairman stressed the need to cut down on expenditure.
    D-The emphasis the chairman gave to cutting down on expenditure was well received at the annual conference.
    E-The expenses of the annual conference, maintained the chairman in his speech, would have to be reduced.

    47-Onun görüşüne göre, özel sektör gelişmek için daha çok rekabete ihtiyaç duymaktadır.
    A-His view is that the need of the private sector for competition has been over-rated.
    B-He reasons that it is the keener competition that makes the private sector flourish.
    C-His argument is that there should be more competition from the flourishing private sector.
    D-The private sector, he thinks, needs more competition to flourish.
    E-The private sector, in his opinion, has done well because it faces constant competition.

    48-Tam Avrupanmın siyasi birliğe gittiği sırada ekonomik poliitika ilgili çeşitli şüpheler ortaya çıktı.
    A-Various doubts regarding economic policy surfaced and prevented the political unification of Europe.
    B-Before the political unity of Europe can be really achieved, doubts regarding economic policy must be overcome.
    C-Just when Europe was heading towards political unity, various doubts regarding economic policy came to the surface.
    D-If Europe could have achieved political unity; doubts regarding economic policy would not have emerged.
    E-If only Europe could have achieved political unity, economic unity would, doubtless, have followed easily.

    49-Başlangıçta işi üstlenmede tereddüt ettiyse de şimdi kabul ettiği için memnun.
    A-At first he found the work worrying; now, however, he is enjoying it.
    B-Even though he was reluctant at first to take on the job, he is now pleased he accepted it.
    C-Now he admits that the work is enjoyable, but to start with there were a lot of problems.
    D-He accepted the job cheerfully though he knew it entailed a great many problems.
    E-If he had known at the start what the job entailed, he would not have accepted it so willingly.

    50-Faiz oranlarındaki artışa rağmen kardeşim bankadaki hesabını kapattı; bende öyle yaptım.
    A-Following the rise in interest rates my brother has withdrawn money from the bank account, and so have I.
    B-Since my brother closed his account at the bank, I did so too, even though interest rates are high.
    C-As interest rates have risen both my brother and I have opened an account at the bank.
    D-Unless there had been a rise in interest rates my brother would have closed his account at the bank and so would I.
    E-Despite a rise in the interest rates, my brother has closed his account in the bank, and so have I.

    51-Başarı olasılığı bı kadar düşük olan bir projeye yatırım yapmak için herhalde onun çok iyi bir nedeni vardır.

    A-He must have invested in the scheme without realising that there was little likelihood of its succeeding.
    B-The scheme has so little chance success that he couldn't have thought seriously about investing in it.
    C-It is not easy to find people to invest in a project that has so little chance of success.
    D-He must have had a very good reason for investing in a scheme which has so little chance of success.
    E-He couldn't have had a good reason for investing in a scheme in a scheme with so slight a chance of succeeding.

    52-Şirketin iflas nedenleri ile ilgili olarak gazeteler ne derse desin, ben hala bunun kaçınılmaz olduğu görüşündeyim.

    A-No matter what the newspapers are saying about the causes of the firm's bankruptcy, I still maintain that it was inevitable.
    B-Let the newspapers say what they want about the reasons for the firm's bankruptcy; I still say it needn't have happened.
    C-In spite of what the newspapers are saying, I still maintain that the firm cannot avoid bankruptcy.
    D-I still maintain that bankruptcy was inevitable once the newspapers began talking about the firm in that way.
    E-In my opinion the reason for the firm's going bankrupt is the way the newspapers wrote about its affairs.

    53-The science of computers and the technology of their use are broad and complex subjects. .. . Consequently, as in other similar fields so in computer science, there is a great variety of terminology and jargon.
    A-Even the children in primary schools now learn to use computers.
    B-Obviously there are several types of computers which would serve the particular purpose adequately.
    C-The languages the computer understands are easily understood by even ordinary people.
    D-One recent developments that computers are getting smaller and smaller
    E-Moreover, the rapid rate of change in this field contributed still further to this complexity.

    54-.... . The feudal lords in England had always run their own law courts and profited by the fines paid by those brought the court. But King John took many cases out of their courts and fined them in his own, taking the money for himself.
    A-King John always had the full support of the feudal lords.
    B-The administration of justice in Medieval England was completely centralised.
    C-King John, who lived in the 13th century, was very popular mainly because he was greedy.
    D-Medieval economy in England was based on agriculture.
    E-The history of the British parliament goes back to the signing of Magna Carta.

    55-The main power of media lies in the fact that it can shape what we know about the world can be a main source of ideas and opinion. . This power is greater if we consider all the various media together, not just one, such as the press.
    A-The most influential media is obviously television
    B-In deed, it can influence the way we think and act more than we realise.
    C-Journalists are jealous of the power of television
    D-In recent decades the main concern of the media has been democracy.
    E-Most governments ignore the influence of the media on society.

    56-All considered the United States has the world's most efficient overall economy. .... . This increase in efficiency has in part been made possible by the fact that this factor is less heavily unionised than the manufacturing sector.
    A-Unfortunately many American car manufacturers have lost a sizeable share of the world market.
    B-In fact Japan has become one of the biggest exporters of high-tech goods.
    C-Many American steel plants have entered a period of recession.
    D-Europe, however, has been making itself more efficient in the service industry.
    E-Competition from Germany is a treat both to Japan and the US.

    57-When Michael Gorbachev came to power in 1985, the Soviet Union had the only advanced economy that had not joined the computer age. As a result of this, Soviet-manufactured products found no customers in the world markets. The realised that to modernise the country, it was essential to permit the free exchange of scientific and technological ideas. .
    A-He played a constructive role in the reduction of weapons of mass destruction.
    B-The average income, over the five years, had dropped considerably.
    C-The process of industrialisation, therefore, came to halt.
    D-Any radical political change would obviously encountered fierce opposition.
    E-This, in deed, was the policy he followed while he was in power.

    58-The most imported idea of the 19th century was that everyone had the right to personal freedom, which was the basis of capitalism. The idea had spread widely through Adam Smith's book "Wealth of Nations" written in the 18th century. .. . Fewer laws they claimed, meant more freedom and freedom for individuals would lead to happiness for the greatest number of people.
    A-The British government at this time was reluctant to make use of his ideas.
    B-The result was a number of laws were passed to prevent people from carrying guns.
    C-Obviously, Adam Smith was well-informed about working conditions in the factories.
    D-After Adam Smith, several capitalist economists argued that governments shouldn't interfere in the trade and industry at all.
    E-By the turn of the 20th century, capitalism had grown less popular outside England.







    59- I. The world is growing more and more environmental conscious. II. Otherwise the supply of the materials would attract attention. III. This is producing some interesting developments. IV. Some car manufacturers, for example, are now beginning to give priority to recycling techniques. V. It is this rather than improved performance, that is receiving attention in its advertisements.

    A- I B- II C- III D- IV E- V

    60- I. The film industry is going through bad times. II. This is partly because studio heads are out of touch with their audiences. III. Television offers no serious competition against the film industry. IV. It seems that they don't appreciate that adult audiences want movies they can talk about. V. The audiences also want to be taken place they have never been to.

    A- I B- II C- III D- IV E- V
    61- I. The banking services in Hungary are expected to improve dramatically this year. II. The installation of computerised Interbank settlement system will greatly aid this. III. Typical banking transactions on the new network will take less than two minutes. IV. Consequently, no scheme for keeping down the inflation has been forthcoming. V. Further the capacity of the services will increase threefold.

    A-I B-II C-III D- IV E-V

    62- I. The neuromuscular disorder known as ALS strikes 5000 Americans each year. II. The disease involves the progressive death of motor neurones. III. Some familiar are even more susceptible to the other condition. IV. As the condition advances, sufferers lose the ability to speak, to swallow and finally to breathe. V. Few of them survive more than five years.

    A-I B-II C-III D-IV E-V

    63- Today the West is in the grip of a second industrial revolution. II. The first caused a shift from agriculture to industry. III. One solution to the problem of unemployment thus became apparent. IV. The new revolution is shifting the economy away from traditional manufacturing industries to those based upon information services and new technologies. V. Naturally one can't help wondering whether there will be a third industrial revolution in the future.

    A-I B-II C-III D-IV E-V

    64- I. Obviously all imports haven't put a great strain on the national budget. II. Inflation has become one of the country's most important economic problems. III. This is because it generates instability in the economy. IV. This in turn reduces capital investment which harms productivity and leads to a decline in living standards. V. Thus there is a chain process which is hard to break.

    A-I B-II C-III D-IV E-V


    65-Last night you went, with high hopes, to a recital given by a well-known violinist, but you were very disappointed by his performance. Today in the office when asked whether you had enjoyed the concert , you replied;

    A-I thought the program was very well chosen.
    B-The violinist was in every respect, superb.
    C-The concert hall was extremely crowded.
    D-Most people seemed to enjoy themselves.
    E-It certainly didn't come up to my expectations.

    66-You wish to buy a certain flat but don't know the legal procedures involved. So you ask a lawyer friend of yours for help. You say;
    A-Do you really think that flat is worth what they are asking for it?
    B-I'm buying that flat I told you about. Could you come with me to help with the formalities?
    C-Did I tell you I'm thinking about buying the flat under us?
    D-Do you know exactly the formalities we have to go through?
    E-In the long run, this would be a good investment, don't you agree?



    67-Owing to the economic recession, a number of people in your firm are going to be made redundant. On learning that you are not one of them you show your relief by saying:
    A-Thank God I'm safe. I keep my job
    B-What a blow to all my hopes.
    C-Let's get together and find a solution!
    D-No one deserves such a job.
    E-What a nuisance! Never mind we'll manage.

    68-The construction of a new highway along the Black Sea has been under discussion. You feel such a project would contribute immensely to the economic development of the area. So you say;
    A-I don't think this particular region needs a highway of this description.
    B-Actually this will be a terrible waste of the limited resources of the country.
    C-The economy of the region will benefit greatly if we can put this scheme into effect.
    D-If the money were spent on industrial development, it would be much more sensible.
    E-I suggest a special study group be sent up to decide whether the project is feasible.

    69-Together with your colleagues, you are trying to organise an international conference. However, there seems to be some disagreement about the dates for the conference. June has been suggested, but you feel this too early. So you say;
    A-June is fine. Shall we say the first week?
    B-As far as I'm concerned June is as good as any other month.
    C-June is too late. Why don't we have the conference in May?
    D-We can hardly get everything organised by June. Let's leave it till September.
    E-Let's vote on it. I'm for June. Who else wants June?

    70-The board has been discussing the report concerning the bank's performance during last year. As the chairman of the board you are of the opinion that, with a few minor changes, the report is acceptable to all members of the board. So you say;
    A-Unless all these corrections are made the report cannot be forwarded.
    B-I conclude that basically we all approve of the report but there are still one or two corrections to be made.
    C-All those corrections will take up a lot of time.
    D-Actually the report ignores certain very important issues.
    E-Before we approve of the report, let's discuss in detail what we hope to achieve by it.


    71-James: Have you been to the exhibition of Ottoman manuscripts yet?
    Robin : Yes, last Sunday.
    James: What did you think of it?
    Robin : ..

    A-Some of my colleagues from the office are interested in Ottoman culture.
    B-Really! I really must find some time to see it.
    C-Fascinating! I only wish I could have understood something of it.
    D-Obviously the Ottomans had an efficient administrative system.
    E-By the way, you said ,it was open till 6 o'clock and they closed the doors at 5 o'clock.

    72-Director: We are being badly hit by the recession.
    Consultant
    Director: Well, what do you suggest?
    Consultant : Boost the exports.

    A-I know. And something must be done about it quickly.
    B-Stop worrying! There is nothing we can do.
    C-Yes, everyone is saying the same . Let's reduce the work force.
    D-They should raise the interest rates at once.
    E-I only hope there won't be another general strike.







    73- Manager: The annual shareholders' meeting is coming up. So we must get prepared for it.
    Secretary: That's right. How can I help?
    Manager: ..
    Secretary: Of course that is easy. It will be ready by tomorrow.

    A-Have the letters of invitation been sent out yet?
    B-We'd better have a board meeting today.
    C-I don't know , but there are likely to be a lot of complaints.
    D-Get the usual statistical information ready for me.
    E-I know many of the employees are expecting a sizeable rise in their wages.

    74- Undersecretary: We have received reports that the epidemic is spreading in area.
    Minister: Then we must take immediate actions.
    Under-secretary: ..
    Minister: Yes, do that.

    A-But we are short of medical staff there.
    B-Then I'll give the orders for doctors and medical supplies to be sent there right away.
    C-It seems the children are suffering the most.
    D-We have already flown in adequate supplies of food and blankets.
    E-Who else do you think we could consult?

    75-Client: What are the chances of winning the case?
    Lawyer: .
    Client : Do you mean the chances are slight?
    Lawyer: Well, I can't say I'm very hopeful.

    A-If I were you I wouldn't let it worry me so much.
    B-So long as nothing surprising happens, all should be well.
    C-The documents we have submitted contain strong evidence in our favour.
    D-Don't worry. I've handled plenty of cases like this.
    E-Well, a lot depends on the testimony of the witnesses.

    76-Interviewer : Have you worked in this kind of job before?
    Candidate: Yes, once, during my summer vacation.
    Interviewer: ...
    Candidate : No, I haven't .but I do have professional qualifications and enthusiasm.

    A-So, you really haven't much experience.
    B-In that case you are the sort of person we are looking for.
    C-Tell me about your work background in more detail.
    D-Did you enjoy the work you did?
    E-Then you may know my brother; he was the managing director there.

    77-As Jane and I are going to Antalya by car, why don't you join us?

    A-Will you come to Antalya with Jane and me if we decide to take the car?
    B-How about going to Antalya with Jane and me since we are taking the car?
    C-If you and Jane decide to go to Antalya, couldn't we go by car?
    D-Why don't you want to go to Antalya by car with Jane and me?
    E-Haven't you decided to go to Antalya by car with Jane and me?

    78- One can hardly expect profits to double again this year.

    A-Profits will probably drop by as much as 50% again this year.
    B-They don't expect this year to be profitable at all.
    C-It is quite possible that profits this year will be halved again.
    D-It won't be easy to double the profits again this year.
    E-It's not likely that profits will again go up by 100% this year.



    79-What can we do to convince him that the object is sure to succeed?

    A-Why can't he admit that that the success of the project is in doubt?
    B-Why can't we persuade him that the scheme is sure to fail?
    C-How should we go about persuading him that the success of the project is assured?
    D-Why must he believe that the scheme is sure to succeed?
    E-Doesn't he want us to believe that the project is sure to succeed?

    80-To tell you the truth I was rather disappointed in this new product of Carmen.

    A-To be fair, there wasn't much that was new in this product of Carmen.
    B-If you really want to know, the new product of Carmen wasn't as good as I'd hoped it would be.
    C-Obviously, I was disappointed to learn that they were doing Carmen again.
    D-Someone should have told you that the new product of Carmen isn't as good as we hoped.
    E-They will have to admit that this new product of Carmen may prove unsatisfactory.

    81-Meals at "The round table" are undoubtly the best in town and prices are reasonable.

    A-Considering the prices, the quality of food at "The Round Table" is not satisfactory.
    B-At "The Round Table" you get extremely good soup, but you certainly pay for it.
    C-Prices have gone up at "The Round Table" but the quality of the food has gone up accordingly.
    D-They don't overcharge you at "The Round Table" and the food there is unrivalled in the town.
    E-Considering, how much they charge, the food they serve at "The Round Table" is not as good as it ought to be.

    82-We couldn't help feeling disappointed when, after all our hard work, we had to close down the factory.

    A-By working even harder, we could, perhaps, have managed to keep the factory open.
    B-If only we could have kept the factory going, we wouldn't have felt that all our work had been wasted.
    C-Since we'd put in so much effort it was inevitable that we should feel upset when we couldn't keep the factory going.
    D-How ever hard we worked, we could not have stopped them closing down the factory.
    E-When the factory was closed down, it obviously upset us, but there's nothing we could do about it.


    Ever since Nobel prizewinner Linus Pauling first advocated vitamin C as a common-cold war weapon more than 20 years ago, researchers have been busy trying to verify that claim. But so far, they have found little evidence that vitamin C prevents colds. In fact, there are more studies that say it doesn't. But there is evidence that it can keep coughing and sneezing to a minimum, and that low levels of vitamin C in the body may be related to bronchitis.

    83-The passage makes the point that Dr. Pauling's view as regards vitamin C .
    A-has greatly improved the treatment bronchitis.
    B-has caused a revolution in medical studies.
    C-aroused very little interest among medical experts.
    D-was based on the results of years of research.
    E-has not been verified scientifically.

    84-According to the passage, coughing and sneezing .

    A-should be taken seriously and treated accordingly
    B-are the early symptoms of bronchitis.
    C-are now being effectively treated without vitamin D
    D-can be reduced with the help of vitamin C
    E-do not respond to any treatment whatsoever.

    85-During the last 2 decades there has been a great deal of scientific effort made to ..

    A-convince the public of the dangers of vitamin C
    B-prove that the common cold can be prevented by vitamin C
    C-establish a connection between coughing and bronchitis.
    D-study the adverse effects of vitamin C
    E-demonstrate how body reacts to low levels of vitamin C

    Since early times it has been assumed that the actions of animals are unconscious. Behaviour, in the view, stems almost exclusively from instinct. If animals behave in ways that seem pretty clever, they do so without thinking of it. Animals may know things the argument goes, but they don't know that they know. Or do they know? Recent reports suggest a startling depth of intelligence among animals. Although, no one can yet "prove" the existence of animal consciousness the data offered make a compelling case for at least considering it.

    86-It is pointed out in the passage that traditionally animals are believed to
    A-behave not instinctively but logically.
    B-have an intelligence comparable with man's.
    C-imitate man in many ways.
    D-act on instinct
    E-know exactly what they are doing

    87-It is pointed out in the passage that modern research forces one to consider..

    A-why animals behave differently under different circumstances
    B-the possibility of intelligence in animals.
    C-the means by which animal behaviour can be improved.
    D-how animals can be made to acquire new skills.
    E-animals to be the equal of man in intelligence

    88-The passage makes it quite clear that, in the light of modern research , our traditional assumptions about animal behaviour..

    A-have been totally disproved
    B-have been confirmed
    C-have been reconsidered
    D-were in deed based on scientific fact
    E-should never have been questioned

    The first universities developed in Europe in the 12th century. By 1600 Western Europe boasted 108 institutions of higher learning, many of which had obtained special privileges from existing regimes because of their close association with the Church. In most European countries, universities were designed primarily for the sons of nobility and gentry. Scholarly standards were low, and scholarship was irrelevant for most professions. Education for earning a livelihood in, say, medicine or law could be acquired after college by serving as an apprentice.

    89-According to the passage, in the early years of universities
    A-most students wanted to train for a profession
    B-The Church disapproved of much of their teaching
    C-Western European governments were not at all interested in education.
    D-medicine was the mot popular subject for study
    E-the majority of the students came from upper class families

    90-It is pointed out in the passage that , since most of the early universities enjoyed the support of the Church..

    A-state authorities granted them various rights.
    B-the number of students they admitted increased rapidly
    C-the academic level of the education they offered was extremely high.
    D-law naturally became one of the major subjects offered
    E-the education offered was free of charge

    91-As explained in the passage, real professional skills . .

    A-were taught during the university years
    B-were normally acquired through a period of apprenticeship
    C-gained importance in the universities only after1600
    D-were acquired by nearly all university students
    E-were taught only to the children of nobility.



    The effects of sleep loss are subject to a number of popular misconceptions. The belief that everyone must sleep 8 hours a night is a myth. According to the results of a recent survey on the subject, adults average about 7 to 7,5 of sleep per night, and many individuals function effectively with 5 to 6 hours of sleep. In fact, 20 % of the population (slightly more in the man) sleep less than 6 hours per night. Another significant fact is that sleep time decreases with age.

    92-According to the passage, the popular assumption that eight hours of sleep per night is essential ..

    A-is only true for elderly
    B-has been supported by scientific evidence
    C-is actually a fallacy
    D-is only true for 20 % of the population
    E-is very rarely disputed

    93-The survey referred to in the passage indicates that as people get older and older

    A-they sleep less and less
    B-they require more sleep than formerly
    C-their sleep time varies between 7 and 8 hours
    D-they rarely sleep less than 7 hours
    E-sleep loss ceases to be problem

    94-It is pointed out in the passage that a sleep time under 8 hours

    A-is not recommended in the survey.
    B-invariably leads to noticeable inefficiency.
    C-does not necessarily reduce a person's efficiency
    D-causes a number of complications in old people
    E-is common among women but not among men

    Until recently, many archaeologists took the view that civilised communities first arose in Egypt, though only a very short time before a similar development in Mesopotamia: a more recent opinion is now that the earliest advances may have taken place in Mesopotamia. Whichever view is followed, it is necessary to bear in mind that geographical conditions in both regions were not identical, and it can in fact be stated that in Mesopotamia environmental factors were not as wholly favourable as in the valley of the Nile.

    95-According to a more recent view, the beginnings of the development of civilisation .

    A-have only recently been a major preoccupation among archaeologists
    B-were wrongly assumed to be in Mesopotamia
    C-were apparently not affected by geographical conditions
    D-in Egypt were greatly hampered by unfavourable environmental factors
    E-seem to have occurred in Mesopotamia rather than, as once thought, in Egypt.

    96-It is pointed out in the passage that the Nile valley and Mesopotamia ..

    A-have never attracted the attention of historians
    B-were equally suitable for the rise of civilisation
    C-could not have been the home of our earliest civilisations
    D-do not share the same geographical conditions
    E-are no longer as fertile as they used to be in earlier times

    97-From the passage we can understand that ..

    A-our opinions of early history may sometimes need to be revised
    B-archaeologists have never regarded either Egypt or Mesopotamia as the cradles of civilisation
    C-geographical conditions play an important role in the decline of civilisation
    D-the early civilisations in Egypt and Mesopotamia were not similar at all
    E-archaeology has not, until recently, been concerned with this part of the world


    Dates and periods are necessary to the study and discussion of history for all historical phenomenons are conditioned by time and are produced by the sequence of events. Periods especially are retrospective conceptions that we form about past events: they are useful to focus discussion but very often they lead historical thought astray. Thus, while it is certainly useful to speak of Middle Ages and of the Victorian Age, those two abstract ideas have deluded many scholars and millions of newspaper readers into supporting that during certain decades called Age of Victoria, everyone thought or acted more or less in the same way-till at last Victoria died or Middle Ages came to an end. But in fact there was no sameness.

    98-The author argues that, contrary to common assumption, the behaviour of people

    A-was more uniform in the middle ages than in Victorian Age.
    B-was not uniform, at all, in any given period
    C-is a subject that should also be studied by historians
    D-in any given period is always the same.
    E-is unrelated to the age they live in

    99-The division of history into periods ..

    A-is both useful and deceptive
    B-is avoided by modern historians
    C-was rejected in the Victorian Age
    D-has been in use since the Middle Ages
    E-serves no useful purpose at all

    100.According to the passage, the study of history ...

    A-began in the Middle Ages and reached its height in the Victorian Age
    B-has changed greatly in our time
    C-requires knowledge of dates and periods
    D-includes a great variety of interrelated subjects
    E-should concentrate on the reconstruction of past events

































    KPDS MAYIS 1996
    CEVAPLAR

    1.D 2.B 3.A 4.D 5.E 6.C 7.D 8.B 9.A 10.E
    11.E 12.C 13.D 14.B 15.D 16.C 17.E 18.B 19.A 20.B
    21.E 22.D 23.C 24.B 25.E 26.A 27.D 28.C 29.E 30.A
    31.B 32.E 33.D 34.B 35.C 36.A 37.C 38.D 39.A 40.B
    41.D 42.E 43.A 44.B 45.E 46.C 47.D 48.C 49.B 50.E
    51.D 52.A 53.E 54.C 55.B 56.D 57.E 58.D 59.B 60.C
    61.D 62.C 63.C 64.A 65.E 66.B 67.A 68.C 69.D 70.B
    71.C 72.A 73.D 74.B 75.E 76.A 77.B 78.E 79.C 80.B
    81.D 82.C 83.E 84.D 85.B 86.D 87.B 88.C 89.E 90.A
    91.B 92.C 93.A 94.C 95.E 96.D 97.A 98.B 99.A 100.C
#18.05.2008 07:43 0 0 0
Mr.Kenan Mr.Kenan foto
  • Konu: 1997 kpds
    KPDS MAYIS 1997 SORULARI

    1. As a result of the continuing economic recession, a huge . in the budget seems inevitable.
    A- redundancy B- improvement C- profit D- distinction E- deficit

    2. The recent economic figures .. that the country is slowly coming out of the crisis.
    A- commit B- imply C- incur D- evolve E- invoke

    3. When the rate of exchange began to rise again, he felt . to call a meeting of the financial staff.
    A- obliged B- blamed C- consumed D- omitted E- rewarded

    4. As far as we are concerned, the evidence put before the court was not enough to convict the man.
    A- subsequent B- conclusive C- adamant D- earnest E- consecutive

    5. He devised an scheme whereby the rate of unemployment in the country could be brought down sharply.
    A- irrelevant B- unstable C- ingenious D- untamed E- illegible

    6. I was greatly impressed by the way the judge conducted the trail, . When it came to summing up the case.
    A- particularly B- completely C- sufficiently D- effectively E- respectively

    7. As soon as the leak in the boiler was noticed, one of the engineers was naturally.. .
    A- taken after B- run down C- made out D- sent for E- turned up

    8. At the board meeting, his suggestion was as it seemed politically controversial.
    A- put out B- fallen out C- held in D- burst into E- cast aside

    9. When the relief workers reached the scene of the disaster, they immediately began to help who could do nothing for . .
    A- that / himself B- them their C- those / themselves D- these / ourselves E- us / yourself

    10. The very idea of establishing a literary "canon" has become . controversial that the people running the Library of America have wisely avoided using the term.
    A- too B- as C- such D- so E- more

    11. They haven't met twelve years or more, but I understand they still write to at regular intervals.
    A- the other B- each other C- themselves D- the others E- one another

    12. It was foolish of me to turn down such an offer; in fact, . I think about it .. I regret it .
    A- as much / so much more B- the more / as much
    C- much / as much D- the most / so much
    E- the more / the more

    13. The scheme has been .. consideration for a long time now , but I doubt whether it will ever be put . effect.
    A- under / into B- within / through C- for / to D- in / off E- over / over

    14. It was . his efforts that the two sides finally agreed to hold talks the principles of economic co-operation.
    A- by / through B- over / for C- through / on D- with / at E- without / from

    15. I was forced to admit that there was a drop in sales towards the end of the year ..he had predicted.
    A- such as B- even so C- in case D- just as E- so far as

    16. Under these circumstances he should have never been allowed to take charge of the operation .. he was the most senior of the officers available.
    A- why ever B- whether C- even though D- whenever E- so that

    17. Why can't you admit that, .. hard he works he will never manage to achieve what his elder brother has achieved?
    A- unless B- whatsoever C- though D- whenever E- however

    18. Many more people would doubtless have attended the debate . they had known in advance who the principal speakers were.
    A- only if B- while C- since D- after E- until

    19. If our delegates hadn't shown themselves willing to come to terms, those from other countries. .
    A- would be, too.
    B- wouldn't have, either
    C- had not, either.
    D- have had, too.
    E- would have, too.

    20. In recent decades the efficiency of the United Nations . by a growing number of countries.,
    A- will have been questioned
    B- was questioned
    C- had been questioned
    D- would be questioned
    E- has been questioned

    21. It seems likely that by the end of the week, the costs involved in the construction of the bridge ..by the Ministry.
    A- would have been announced
    B- would be announced
    C- are being announced
    D- will have been announced
    E- have been announced

    22. They set up a liaison office in East Africa for marketing their goods but now they wish they so.
    A- had not done B- have not done C- would not do D- would not have done E- never do

    23. Had they apologised deliberately overcharging me, I . a complaint with the Consumers' Right Office .
    A- will not have filed B- may not have filed C- would not have filed D- was not filing E- may not file

    24. We no problems whatsoever with the dam since it .. forty years ago.
    A- had / has been constructed
    B- have had /was constructed
    C- had had / had been constructed
    D- are having / is constructed
    E- were having / was being constructed

     Find the suitable sentence that completes
    25. you get magnificent views of the oak covered slopes of these coastal mountain ranges that rise up from the Pacific.
    A- If only the new road had been opened.
    B- As they headed for San Francisco
    C- However unfairly the state of the roads was being attacked.
    D- Even though a great deal of money went into constructing the road.
    E- As you drive along the coast road.

    26. Dramatic cultural changes have been taking place in the United States .. .
    A- ever since non-European immigrants began to pour into the country.
    B- until new regulations concerning immigrants were introduced.
    C- which started at the turn of the country.
    D- some of which would have been regarded as harmful
    E- as soon as World War II ended

    27. One of the best suggestions was put forward by Dr. Johnson, .

    A- that the managing director was especially impressed.
    B- who is generally the quietest member of the board
    C- through the financial demands might be difficult to meet.
    D- unless it was approved by the committee
    E- before anyone else has time to make any contribution to the discussion

    28. Darwin's theory of evolution was based on the observation .
    A- white amassing evidence for 25 years in support of it.
    B- why many people of his own age were reluctant to admit it.
    C- whether his insight really was revolutionary
    D- that all individuals of the same species are not identical
    E- since the multiplicity of the unique forms emerged.

    29. Although the effects of the famine have been made worse by the political instability in the country,
    A- the West would have shown its sympathy in a most generous manner.
    B- it was beyond the power of any government to undertake the responsibility
    C- a fair distribution of the available food will have been achieved.
    D- so one disaster was naturally followed by another.
    E- food is now being distributed wherever it is needed.

    30. .. , but it is not the only one.
    A- Newspaper prices have risen dramatically in recent years
    B- Most diseases are caused by germs and bad hygiene
    C- Technological competition is a serious problem for the book industry
    D- The printing press was invented by Johan Gutenberg in Mainz, Germany in 15th century.
    E- The judge rebuked the witnesses for their disrespectful behaviour during the trail

    31. that they will be made redundant once the office has been computerized.
    A- They called off the strike
    B- The board of directors discussed the matter fully
    C- The management adopted new marketing policies
    D- The prospect for the company looks rather gloomy
    E- Most of the staff are certain

    32. If your boss asked you to take on extra work without more pay , ..?
    A- have you discussed the matter with him
    B- would you agree to do so
    C- why do you think he me, have suggested this
    D- what was the reaction of our colleagues
    E- will you resign at once

     Find the Turkish equivalent of the given sentence

    33. To protect its own fisheries, Canada has taken a tougher line with foreign vessels fishing its coasts.
    A- Kanada, kendi balikçılığını geliştirebilmek için, kıyılarında avlanan yabancı teknelere karşı önlemlerini
    arttırmıştır.
    B- Kanada, kendi balıkçılık bölgelerini kurtarmak amacıyla, kıyılarında avlanan yabancı teknelere karşı sert önlemler almıştır.
    C- Kanada, kendi balıkçılığını güçlendirmek için, kıyılarında balık avlayan yabancı teknelere karşı daha sert bir tavır almıştır.
    D- Kanada, kendi balık alanlarını korumak için, kıyılarında balık avlayan yabancı teknelere karşı daha sert bir tavır almıştır.
    E- Kanada, kendi balık alanlarını iyileştirme amacıyla, sert önlemler alarak kıyılarında yabancı teknelerin avlanmasını engellemiştir.

    34. In his statement he did not conceal the fact that Serbia' hard-line attitude had led to the breakdown of the talks.
    A- Demecinde, Sırbıstanın katı tutumunun görüşmelerin kesilmesine yol açtığı gerçeğini saklamadı.
    B- Yaptığı açıklamada,görüşmelerin kesilmesinde Sırbıstanın uzlaşmaz tutumunun etkili olduğu gerçeğini saklamadı
    C- Konuşmasında Sırbıstan'ın olumsuz tavrı sonucu görüşmelerin kesildiği gerçeğini belirtmekten kaçınmadı
    D- Görüşmelerin kesilmesinde, Sırbıstan'ın uzlaşmaz tavrının neden olduğu gerçeğini belirtmekten çekinmedi.
    E- Sırbıstan'ın katl tutumu nedeniyle görüşmelerin kesildiğini açıkça belirtmekten çekimmedi.





    35. It seems likely that the recession in the wool-textile industry will continue throughout the year and that many mills may be permanently closed.
    A- -Görünüşe bakılırsa, yünlü dokuma sanayiindeki gerileme yıl içinde de sürecek ve bazı fabrikalar kapanacaktır.
    B- Yünlü dokuma sanayiince bütün yıl boyunca devam eden bunalım sonucufabrikanın süresiz olarak kapanması kaçınılmaz görünüyor.
    C- Yünlü dokuma sanayiinde yıl içinde bir durgunluk görüleceği ve pek çok fabrikanın tamamen kapanacağı kesindir.
    D- Yünlü dokuma sanayiindeki durgunluğun yıl boyunce süreceği ve pek çok fabrikanın süresiz kapanabileceği muhtemel görünüyor
    E- Çoğu fabrikanın süresiz kapanmasına neden olabilecek durgunluk, yünlü dokuma sanayiinde yıl boyunca devam edecek gibi görünüyor.

    36. What we really expect to find in a work of art is a certain personal element and a distinctive sensibility.
    A- Bir sanat eserinde bulunmasını istediğimiz şeyler aslında belirli bir kişisel nitelik ile kendine özgü duyarlılıktır
    B- Belirli bir kişisel anlatım ve farklı bir duyarlılık , bir sanat eserinde gerçekten bulunması istenen niteliklerdir.
    C- Gerçekten bir sanat eserinde bulmayı umduğumuz şey, belirli bir kişisel öge ve belirgin bir duyarlılıktır.
    D- Çarpıcı bir duyarlılık ve belirli bir kişisel boyut bir sanat eserinde esas olarak bulunmasını istediğimiz ögelerdir.
    E- Belirli bir kişisel özelliğin ve etkileyici bir duyarlılığın, bir sanat eserinde bulunmasını gerçekten arzuluyoruz.

    37. It was pointed out that the company, which had been on the verge of bankruptcy, got over the crises through substantial borrowing from various banks.
    A- Iflasın eşiğinde gelmiş geçmiş olan şirketin çeşitli bankalarda yüklü krediler alarak bunalımı aştığı belirtildi.
    B- Bazı bankalardan bol kredi alarak bunalımı azaltmaya çalışan şirketin, iflasa doğru sürüklendiği bildirildi.
    C- Iflasla karşı karşıya gelmiş olan şirketin, bunalımı aşmak için, pek çok bankadan krediler aldığı ifade edildi.
    D- Çeşitli bankalardan yüklü krediler alarak bunalımı atlatmaya çalışan şirketin iflastan kurtulmadığı açıklandı.
    E- Iflas tehlikesini atlatmış olan şirketin bazı bankalardan bol kredi alarak bunalımdan çıktığı bildirildi.

    38. Since the signing of the Maastrich Treaty, Britain has constantly been in conflict with her partners in the European Union over the question of monetary union.
    A- Maasrict Anlaşması imzalandıktan sonra,İngiltere para birliği konusunu ileri sürerek, Avrupa birliğindeki ortaklarıyla sert bir çatşma içine girmiştir.
    B- Maasrict Anlaşmasının imzalanmasından beri İngiltere, Avrupa birliğindeki ortaklarıyla para birliği konusunda sürekli bir çatşma içinde olmuştur.
    C- Maasrict Anlaşmasının imzalanmasından bu yana , İngiltere para birliği üzerinde durmuş ve Avrupa Birliğindeki ortakları ile zaman zaman tartışmıştır.
    D- Maasrict Anlaşmasının imzalanması üzerine, İngiltere para birliği konusunda Avrupa Birliğindeki ortaklarından farklı bir tavır içine girmiştir.
    E- Maasrict Anlaşmasının imzalanmasıyla İngiltere , para birliği konusunda Avrupa Birliğindeki ortaklarıyla tam bir uyum içine girmiştir.

    39. The committee unanimously rejected a proposal to divide the city into two zones and stressed the need to consider the whole city as a unit.
    A- Kurul , kenti iki bölgeye ayırmayı amaçlayan öneriyi tümüyle reddetti ve kentin bir bütün olarak ele alınması gerektiğini savundu.
    B- Kent,im iki bölgeye ayrılmasına ilişkin öneriyi derhal reddeden kurul, tüm kentin bir bütün olarak ele alınması gerektiği görüşüne vardı.
    C- Kuru, kenti iki bölgeye ayırma önerisini oybirliğiyle reddetti ve tüm kentin bir bütün olarak düşünülmesi gerektiğini vurguladı.
    D- Tüm kentin bir bütün olarak değerlendirilmesi gereğiüzerinde duran kurul, kenti iki bölgeye ayırmaya yönelik öneriyi tereddütsüz reddetti.
    E- Kentin iki bölgeye ayrılmasını öngören öneriyi oy çokluğu ile reddeden kurul, tüm kentin bir bütün olarak görülmesi gereği üzerinde ısrarla durdu.










    40. The report makes it clear that in1996 most European countries met almost half of their energy needs by means of natural gas.
    A- Raporda doğal gazın 1996'da Avrupa ülkelerinin çoğunda enerji ihtiyacının yaklaşık yarısını karşıladığı belirtilmektedir.
    B- Avrupa ülkelerinin çoğunun , enerji ihtiyaçlarının yarısını doğal gaz kullanarak karşıladığı 1996'da hazırlanan raporda da açıklanmıştır.
    C- Raporda, 1996 'da Avrupa'da , enerji ihtiyaçlarının yarısından çoğunu doğal gaz yoluyla karşılayan pek çok ülke olduğu açıkça ifade edilmektedir.
    D- Raporda açıkça ifade edildiğine göre 1996'da çoğu Avrupa ülkesi , enerji ihtiyacının yarısını doğal gazla karşılamak zorunda kalmıştır.
    E- Rapor, 1996'da çoğu Avrupa ülkesinin, enerji ihtiyaçlarının yaklaşık yarısıdoğal gaz vasıtasıyla karşılandığını açıkça ortaya koymaktadır.

    41. Most speakers at the meeting pointed out that, in recent years, some of the research projects undertaken by universities had been concerned more with current problems than with purely scientific matters.
    A- Toplantıya katılan çoğu konuşmacı, son yıllarda üniversiteler tarafından uygulanan araştırma projelerinin sadece bilimsel konularda değil , aynı zamanda güncel sorunlarla da ilgili olması gerektiğini vurguladı.
    B- Konuşmacıların toplantıda görüş birliğine vardığı gibi, son yıllarda üniversiteler tarafından yürütülen araştırma prıjeleri salt bilimsel konulardan çok, güncel sorunlarla ilgilidir.
    C- Toplantıdaki pek çok konuşmacı, üniversitelered sürdürülen araştırma projelerinden bazılarının salt bilimsel konular yerine, güncel sorunlarla ilgili olması gerektiğini belirtti.
    D- Toplantıdaki konuşmaların çoğu, son yıllarda üniversitelerce üslenilen bazı araştırma projelerinin salt bilimsel konulardan çok, güncel sorunlarla ilgili olduğunu belirtti.
    E- Toplantıda söz alan pek çok konuşmacı, son yıllarda üniversitelerin yürüttüğü araştırma projelerinin bilimsel konularla olduğu kadar güncel sorunlarla da ilgili olduğunu belirtti.

    42. Some years ago The German Constitutional Court decided by a 6 to 2 vote that no law could allow abortion in violation of the rights of the unborn.
    A- Yıllar önce Alman Anayasa Mahkemesinin 2 ye karşı 6 oyla aldığı karara göre, hiç bir yasa doğmamış çocuğun haklarını hiçe sayarak kürtaja izin vermez.
    B- Alman Anayasa Mahkemesinin birkaç yıl önce 2'ye karşı 6 oyla aldığı karara göre, doğmamış çocuğun haklarını ihlal etmek demek olan kürtaja hiçbir yasa izin vermez.
    C- Birkaç yıl önce, Alman Anayasa Mahkemesi, hiçbir yasanın doğmamış çocuğun haklarına aykırı olarak kürtaja izin veremeyeceğine 2'ye karşı 6 oyla karar verdi.
    D- Alman Anayasa Mahkemesi, doğmamış çocuğun haklarını ihlal etmek demek olan kürtaja hiç bir yasanın izin veremeyeceği görüşünü birkaç yıl önce 2'ye karşı 6 oyla değiştirdi.
    E- Alman Anayasa Mahkemesi, birkaç yıl önce , hiçbir yasada kürtaja izin veremeyeceğine 2'ye karşı 6 oyla karar vererek , doğmamış çocuğun hakkının ihlal edilmesini engelledi.

     Find English meaning of the given Turkish sentence

    43. Sahra'nın yılda 10 kilometreye varan bir hızla güneye doğru genişlemekte olduğu bilimsel olarak ısbatlanmıştır.
    A- Recent scientific investigations have revealed that the southerly movement of the Sahara remains at under 10 kilometres per year.
    B- There is scientific evidence to suggest that the Sahara is expanding southwards at a rate of roughly 10 kilometres a year.
    C- The rate at which the Sahara is expanding southwards at a rate of roughly 10 kilometres a year.
    D- According to recent scientific data, The Sahara is moving in a southerly direction at a rate of just under 10 kilometres a year.
    E- It has been scientifically established that the Sahara is expanding southwards at a rate of up to 10 kilometres a year.

    44. Makalede, dünya tahıl üretiminin son yıllarda önemli ölçüde düşmeye başladığı vurgulanmaktadır.
    A- In the article it is emphasized that the world grain production has begun to fall substantially in recent years.
    B- From the article it is apparent that there has been a substantial fall in world grain production in recent decades.
    C- It should be emphasised in the article that there has been a noticeable drop in world grain production during the last few years.
    D- According to the article, a serious drop in world grain production only began a few years ago.
    E- It is pointed out in the article that the substantial fall in the world grain production has begun in recent times.



    45. "Gerçekçilik ", eleştiride kullanılan en belirsiz kavramlardan biridir; ancak bu onun çok sık kullanılmasını engellemez.
    A- "Realism" is so vague a critical concept that it should only be used infrequently.
    B- "Realism" is one of the vogues' concepts used in criticism but that does not stop it from being frequently used.
    C- "Realism" is a term that is frequently used in criticism but it is often wrongly used.
    D- The vagueness of the term "realism" means that it is only infrequently used in a critical context.
    E- The term "realism" is frequently used in criticism but with only a vague concept of what is actually means.

    46. Aile ve akrabalık , genelde ilkel veya ilerlemiş olsun tüm insan topluluklarının temel gerçeğidir ve binlerce yıldan beri de hep böyle olmuştur.
    A- In both primitive and advanced societies family and kinship, in general, have for thousands of years, been of basic importance.
    B- For thousands of years now, the family and relatives have generally been basic realities in all human societies, both primitive and advanced.
    C- During the last thousand years or so, the family and kinship generally have been among the basic realities of all human societies whether primitive or advanced.
    D- Until the last thousand years or so, in both primitive and advanced societies family and kinship were usually regarded as basic elements of human existence.
    E- Family and kinship, generally are basic realities in all-human societies whether primitive or advanced and have been so for thousands of years.

    47. Gelişmiş ülkeler çok düşük nufus artış hızına sahip olsalar bile bunların az gelişmiş ülkelerdeki hızlı nufüs artışından etkilenmeyeceklerini söylemek yanlış olur.
    A- Even if there were a drop in the population growth of developed countries one should not say that the developing countries with their rapidly expanding populations would be likely to be affected by it.
    B- Even supposing that the developed countries had a very slight population growth, it wouldn't be fair to suggest that the rapid population growth of underdeveloped countries couldn't affect them.
    C- A very slight drop in the population growth of developed countries means nothing in the face of the rapid increase in the populations of developing countries.
    D- Even though developed countries have a very low rate of population growth, it would be wrong to say that they will not be affected by the rapid increase of population in underdeveloped countries.
    E- It has been wrongly suggested that the rapid increase in the population of underdeveloped countries will have no effect on the slight decline in population in developed countries.

    48. Sıtma tedavisinde kullanılan ilaçlar son derece önemli olsa da hastalığa neden olan sivrisineğin kontrolü çok daha önemlidir.
    A- However effective the drugs used in the treatment of malaria may be, it is still important to control the mosquito that causes the disease.
    B- Though the drugs used in the treatment of malaria are extremely important, the control of the mosquito which causes the disease is even more so.
    C- If the mosquito that causes malaria could be controlled the drugs used in the treatment would cease to be important.
    D- Since new drugs are extremely effective in the treatment of malaria, there is less need now to control the mosquito which carries the disease.
    E- Control of the mosquito which carries malaria has proved far more effective than any of the drugs that have been used in its treatment.

    49. Bugün yayınlanan raporda , dünya da cüzzamlı 15 milyon insanın büyük çoğunluğunun tropikal ülkelerde yaşadığı belirtilmektedir.
    A- A report has been released today confirming that there are 15 million people in the world with leprosy most of whom live in tropical countries.
    B- In the report to be released today, it is mentioned that there are fifteen million people in the world with leprosy and most of these live in tropical countries.
    C- In the report released today, it is pointed out that of the 15 million people with leprosy in the world the great majority live in tropical countries.
    D- In a report to be published today, it is confirmed that of the 15 million lepers in the world a slight majority live in tropical countries.
    E- According to a report published today it seems that of the 15 million lepers in the world by far the majority are to be found in tropical countries.



    50. İnsanlar, uygarkığın doğuşundan beri gökyüzünü incelemişlerdir ; ancak orada var olanların büyük çoğunluğu hala bilinmemektedir.
    A- People have studied the sky since the drawn of the civilisation, yet the bulk of what is out there is still unknown.
    B- If people had studied the sky throughout the civilized times, the bulk of what is out there would bow have been known.
    C- People were studying the sky even before the drawn of civilisation but little was known about what was out there
    D- A large portion of space remains unexplored though man has been interested in it since the dawn of civilisation.
    E- The sky has been under observation ever since civilisation began, but not much is known about it.

    51. Rapordan gelecek yüzyılda dünyada kişi başına düşecek olan su miktarının önemli ölçüde azalma olacağı açıkça anlaşılır.
    A- One may conclude from the report that during the next century the average amount of water consumed per head of the population in the world will have to be reduced.
    B- It is most clearly in the report that in the next century the crop in the amount of water needed per head in the world will be enormous.
    C- The report makes it clear that during the next century the amount of water available per head in the world will hardly be adequate.
    D- The report makes the point that in the next century there will have to be a sharp drop in the amount of water made available per head of the population in the world.
    E- It can be clearly understood from the report that during the next century there will be a considerable drop in the amount of water available per head in the world.

    52. Yönetim, yeni hisse senetlerinin, rayiç piyasa değerinden % 20 daha düşük olarak fiyatlandırılmasını uygun görmüştür.
    A- The board has proposed the sale of new shares on the market at a price 20 % less than their current value.
    B- The management has suggested that the new shares be issued at a price 20 % lower than the present market value.
    C- The management has agreed that the new shares be priced 20 % below their current market value.
    D- The board has announced that the price of the shares currently coming onto the market should be reduced by 20 %.
    E- The managing board has accepted the pricing of the new shares, which will be 20 % down on their actual value on the market.

     Which one best completes

    53. We all know that learning is important, ? A dictionary might tell you that learning is acquiring knowledge through experience and study. A teacher might tell you that it is memorising what he wants you to know for an examination. Your boss might tell you that it is mastery of the task you are hired to do. A psychologist might tell you that it is a relatively permanent change in behaviour due to past experience. Obviously, learning takes place in many ways and forms.
    A- How is it managed
    B- What exactly do you mean
    C- Yet can one depend on it
    D- But what exactly is it
    E- Do you think it can be mastered

    54. Someone once said that there are three sides to every questionable issue; your side, my side, and the right side. . . For instance, the reactions to the issue of abortion are usually divided into two basic viewpoints; for and against. But the issue is not that simple. Other questions begin to surface, which turn the issue into a complex one and make it necessary for us to look at it from many sides.
    A- Unknowingly people become conditioned to speak out prejudice
    B- In truth, there may be many sides, depending upon the issue itself
    C- As we mature, our beliefs are also shapes both directly and indirectly by the media.
    D- Consequently our thinking process becomes overruled by others' opinions
    E- Even when we think we are acting as individual by rejecting the ideas of one group, we often just accepting the idea of another




    55. Some sociologists are concerned that America is no longer " a melting pot" but " a salad bowl". Unlike most earlier immigrants who were willing to learn English and wanted to "melt" into American life, many of today's immigrants do not see the need. .? How will all this affect America's future?
    A- Why did most European immigrants settle in the cities rather than on farms?
    B- What was city life like for most immigrants
    C- What changes can we expect in the make-up of America' population by the year 2000
    D- What hardship did the early immigrants face when they arrived in America
    E- How far back can an American trace his roots

    56. . . The faltering economy they inherited was now under additional pressure from those newly unemployed, including the million-man army of the former regime. There were critical shortages of foreign exchange and gold, much of which had been stolen in the final days of the war. There were also at least two million new refugees, nearly 10% of the population. Virtually, the country was in a stole of total bankruptcy.
    A- The end of the war in Vietnam brought massive problems to the new leaders of the country.
    B- In the first place, all industry was nationalised by the new Vietnamese government
    C- One unexpected problem facing the new government was continuing military activity
    D- One solution to the urban problems facing Vietnam was continuing military activity
    E- In their first months in power Vietnam's new leaders succeeded in persuading hundreds of thousands of people to move back to their farms.

    57. Gathering information on a possible adversary or adversaries is only the start of the intelligence process. The raw material, once in hand, must be drawn together, analysed, correlated and evaluated before it becomes useful knowledge. . From this appraisal, which points to his most likely course of action, the target state can chart a course of action best designed to meet the developing situation.
    A- The ethics of civil intelligence operations have long been debated
    B- At this stage there emerges an estimate of the adversary's intentions and of his ability to achieve them
    C- But the richest source is usually the secret agent, who is always a highly skilled and well-trained professional
    D- Intelligence findings are, therefore, usually classified and limited in circulation
    E- In recent decades, technology has enormously lengthened the reach and sharpened the penetration of intelligence

    58. In the 1990s cancer was nearly always fatal; by the 1930s one out of five cancer patients was saved; by 1975 treatment s was successful in one out every three cancer patients. . .
    A- New evidence suggests that the highest risk for long cancer occurs in asbestos workers who smoke
    B- In deed everyone knows that cancer refers to a group of over 100 different diseases
    C- Today scientists and physicians believe that half of all cancer patients can be saved if present knowledge is applied promptly in every case
    D- Rehabilitation of the cancer patients has become an important new concern for social workers
    E- The aim of cancer rehabilitation is to help the patient lead as normal a life as possible

     Find the meaningfully unfit sentence

    59. (I) While most early European immigrants to America were farmers, many city dwellers came to the new land as well. (II) These new comers were attracted to the bustling urban centres. (III) As a result, American cities expanded enormously. (IV) The history of the United States is filled with accounts of people who came from all over the world to settle here.(V) New York, for example which had a population of only sixty thousand in 1600, grew to a city of more than one million people in 1860
    A- I B- II C- III D- IV E- V

    60. (I) As we live and grow we learn the culture of society in which we live. (II) Sociologists tell us that the most significant elements of culture that we must learn are values, norms and roles. (III) While values are rather general norms are quite specific. (IV) A collection of the norms connected with a particular position or activity in a society is called a role. (V) History shows us that disagreements over vital political issues always create violent conflicts within a society.
    A- I B- II C- III D- IV E- V

    61. (I) Getting through a day without being exposed to the media would be unthinkable. (II) Both directly and indirectly the media have a profound effect on our daily lives. (III) What we eat, what we buy, what we do, even what we think is influenced by the media. (IV) Yet, the question is whether what the media provides us with, can always be good and revealing. (V) According to one study, 64 % of the American public turns on television for most of its news.
    A- I B- II C- III D- IV E- V

    62. (I) Writing in the 1930s, J.M. Keynes was mainly concerned with unemployment. (II) For him, the question was why is persisted. (III) Since 1945 the twin objectives of economic growth and full employment have been the primary concern of developed countries throughout the world. (IV) His own answer to this was that employment was determined by the level of output, and this was determined by demand. (V) Therefore, the level of employment could be regulated by managing the level demand.
    A- I B- II C- III D- IV E- V

    63. (I) From the fourteenth century onwards, especially in Italy, scholars, poets, and artists began to take a new interest in learning. (II) In nearly all the city-states of Northern Italy the power had been seized by certain great families. (III) Instead of studying chiefly theology and the writing of the medieval philosophers, they now turned to the philosophers and began to study them intensively. (IV) The minds of men were now set free and they began to think as they pleased. (V) This new learning soon spread to the rest of Europe and the "Renaissance" was well under way.
    A- I B- II C- III D- IV E- V

    64. (I) By about 3500 BC there had developed in Egypt and Mesopotamia a highly and advanced social and economic life. (II) Copper and Bronze were being used, although on a limited scale, and trading contacts with other countries had been established.(III) It is the opinion of the archaeologists that civilisation first developed in the Middle East. (IV) Many of these contracts were with Syria, which, lying between Egypt and Mesopotamia, had participated at an early date in the general advance of material and cultural development. (V) Moreover, Syria was endowed with a number of resources that were looking in Egypt and Mesopotamia.
    A- I B- II C- III D- IV E- V

     Find the suitable statement for the given position

    65. Someone who is known to be rather unreliable in money matters comes to you asking for a loan. You refuse to give him a loan but want to do this in a kindly manner, making use of your family commitments. You say;
    A- I do wish I could have helped out but I have to pay the children's school expenses this month and there will be nothing left over after that.
    B- Yes, of course I will help you out; but you will have to pay me back at the beginning of next month.
    C- I thought I'd told you that I would never again lend you any money.
    D- My father would be very angry if he knew what I was doing.
    E- Why don't you ask your family to help you out? Surely they will.

    66. A friend has had a bad cough for several months. You think it is high time she consulted a doctor about it and you decide to impress on her the need to take the matter seriously. You say;
    A- Do please go to the chemist's and get a bottle of cough mixture.
    B- You know as well as I do that a cough can be a sign of something more serious. Go and get it checked.
    C- Do what I do. Drink a glass of fresh grapefruit juice every morning. I'm sure it will do you good.
    D- The weather is getting warmer now so perhaps your cough will go away.
    E- I think you are coughing a bit less these days but I still think you should.

    67. There have been last minute changes in flight arrangements so you phone your son at his office to let him know of these and save him fruitless drive to the airport. You speak to his secretary who informs you that your son is at a meeting but that she can get a message through to him. You say;
    A- Please make sure that he is there at the airport to meet me as arranged.
    B- I think he should know that, unfortunately the holiday has had to be cancelled.
    C- Please explain that the London-Amsterdam flights are fully booked for the next six weeks.
    D- I just want to remind him that he promised to meet me at the airport this evening.
    E- Just tell him there has been a change in the programme and I shall not be arriving this evening.

    68. A friend's child has knocked over a vase and broken it. They are both very sorry and you want to comfort them and stop them feeling bad about it. You say;
    A- That was one of the more expensive items in the collection
    B- What a naughty child you have! I think you are to blame for the damage he has done
    C- Well, actually I am sorry because it was given to me by my grandmother
    D- There is no harm done. Actually, that's a vase that I have never really cared for
    E- I should have kept such a valuable vase in a safe place




    69. When a friend phones and asks, " Where were you last night? " you suddenly realise you'd promised to go round and see her but hadn't done so. She's a close friend and you are always open and honest with each other. You say;
    A- I worked late at the office .Why?
    B- Oh dear! I simply forgot. I'm so sorry.
    C- I was just about to phone you about here.
    D- I thought you were coming round here.
    E- That's very kind of you. I should have let you know earlier

    70. There is a problem with the car, and you want the mechanic at the repair place you always use to start work on it immediately though there are other jobs that he is working on . He is reluctant. You really do all you can to make him agree. You say;

    A- My neighbour sent me here and he is a very good customer of yours.
    B- I know this is the first time I have come to you but I'll come regularly if you help me now.
    C- Come on! I am a good customer and don't ask many favours.
    D- It really is of vital importance that you fix it for me immediately.
    E- You did a bad job of fixing it last time I brought it in. That's why there is a problem now.

     Find the one best completes the conversation

    71. James: I'll see you at Murray's lecture.
    Nigel : I'm not sure that I'm going.
    James: .
    Nigel : Then in that case I'll.
    A- He knows a lot but can't make anything interesting.
    B- What's he lecturing on now?
    C- I wouldn't it. I didn't feel I had to.
    D- You must, I saw him yesterday and he is expecting us both.
    E- Neither am I. We'll decide tomorrow.

    72. Mrs: Martin: I have just been reading an article on cosmetic industry
    Mr. Martin : I don't want to hear about it. It's just a waste of money.
    Mrs. Martin : ..
    Mr. Martin : Perhaps not. But that doesn't affect my opinion
    A- Ten years from now you may be more interested
    B- A lot of people regard it as money well spent
    C- Not everyone agrees with you there.
    D- Mrs: Sutton certainly looks years younger.
    E- I'll leave it here and you can read it.

    73. Richard : Are the police still detaining him?
    Malcolm: Yes, I'm afraid they are. But I just can't believe he'd do a thing like that.
    Richard :
    Malcolm: So do I.
    A- Of course he wouldn't. I just wish we could find a way of helping him.
    B- I'm not so sure. I don't really like him.
    C- Why do you say that?
    D- Do you suppose there will be a trial?
    E- As far as I know there is not much evidence against him.

    74. Alan: Where's your computer? You do have one, don't you?
    Mark : .
    Alan: Will that take long?
    Mark : I don't think so; they'll give me a ring when it is ready.
    A- Yes, over there. I was told to take it out of the sun.
    B- No, I have given it to my brother.
    C- Well, I used it so rarely I decided to get rid of it.
    D- Not any longer. I didn't seem able to learn how to use it
    E- Yes, but at present it's being repaired.




    75. Mr.Wentworth: I hope you have kept the afternoon her appointment.
    Secretary:.
    Mr: Wentworth : But that cuts right into the afternoon and you know I have next month's schedule to plan out.
    Secretary: I had no choice. It is the manager who wants to see you.
    A- Well, you did tell Mr. Bainridge he could leave early.
    B- No, of course I didn't forget.
    C- I thought I had to keep tomorrow free.
    D- Not quite; you'll be busy between three tiny and four o'clock
    E- All callers have been told you are out of town.

    76. Clive : Can you recommend a good restaurant? My usual place is fully booked.
    Graham:
    Clive : That's not too important .It is a business lunch. I want somewhere where we can talk.
    A- What sort of a price range do you have in mind?
    B- What's the occasion? A family get together?
    C- Is that where we ate together the other evening?
    D- Have you tried the new fish restaurant on Exetor Road?
    E- I'm afraid I can't help: I so rarely dine out.


     Find the closest in meaning

    77. If it hadn't been for the wind the fire would never have spread so fast.
    A- Unless the wind develops the fire is hardly likely to spread fast.
    B- Even without the wind, the fire would have spread at such a speed.,
    C- It was the wind that caused the fire to spread at such a speed.
    D- Had there been a wind the fire would have spread even faster.
    E- The force of the wind affected the way the fire spread.

    78. We will never be able to get all these exhibits dated and labelled for the opening of the museum unless we get a lot of assistance.
    A- It would help us to finish the dating and labelling of the exhibits if the museum is not opened for a while.,
    B- With just a little extra assistance we shall be able to get all these exhibits dated and labelled before the museum is opened.
    C- The opening of the museum does not depend on whether or not we can get all these exhibits dated and labelled.
    D- We are going to need an awful lot of help if we are to date and label these exhibits in time for the opening of the museum.
    E- Once the museum is open we can easily get plenty of help in the dating and labelling of the exhibits.

    79. There is no point in learning several languages if you are not going to have the opportunity to use them.
    A- You shouldn't try to learn many languages except the ones which are spoken internationally.
    B- Unless you are going to be in a position to use them, learning several languages would just be a waste of time.
    C- There are several languages that are everywhere in use and these are the ones to learn.
    D- People used to learn several languages even though, they had little opportunity to use them.
    E- Certain languages which few people know are actually well worth learning.

    80. He really does not mind who he works for, but the pay has to be good.
    A- It's the money that interests him, not the type of work of his employer.
    B- With him, it is the money that matters, not the type of work.
    C- To his way of thinking, the job should be better paid.
    D- He is the sort who will do anything for money.
    E- He will work for just about anyone so long as they pay him well.

    81. We got caught in a traffic jam so were among the last to arrive.
    A- The late arrivers all put the blame on the heavy traffic.
    B- The traffic was so heavy that nearly everyone arrived late.
    C- Most people got there before us as we were held up by traffic.
    D- The roads were so congested that it is a wonder anyone got there on time.
    E- There was such congestion on the roads that I thought we never would get there.




    82. It's not fair to put all the blame on him; he's not the only one at fault.
    A- It wouldn't be right to punish those who, like him, weren't involved.
    B- He deserves to be punished, but the others don''.
    C- Only the ones who were involved should be punished.
    D- The fault is his only; so let him take the blame
    E- He doesn't deserve to be blamed for everything; there were others involved.

     Passages

    The unfavourable effects of cigarette smoking on the heart have frequently been described, but the exact basis for these effects has not been clarified. Some investigators believe nicotine to the culprit, and there has been some experimental work in animals indicating that large doses of nicotine in conjunction with cholesterol feeding and vitamin D could produce a disease of the arteries resembling that seen in humans. An alternative explanation has been offered by another scientists who have pointed to possible role carbon monoxide being inhaled with the cigarette smoke.

    83. It is pointed out in the passage that nicotine . .
    A- is considered by some to be one of the reasons why smoking has an adverse affect on the heart.
    B- is the only harmful factor in relation smoking
    C- affects animals more seriously than humans.
    D- has been established as more dangerous than carbon monoxide for smokers.
    E- has an adverse effect only upon the arteries.

    84. According to the passage, studies into the adverse effects of smoking .
    A- have ruled out any relationship between smoking and cholesterol levels in humans.
    B- have not been able to establish for certain whether or not carbon monoxide could be a factor.
    C- have so far not raised any controversial opinions
    D- have shown that vitamin D reduces nicotine in the body.
    E- Indicate that nicotine and carbon monoxide may be only minor factors.

    85. The main concern of the passage is to
    A- describe certain experiments on animals relating to the effect of carbon monoxide
    B- emphasise the role nicotine and vitamin D play in heart disease.
    C- demonstrate that the adverse effects of smoking on the heart are still under debate
    D- compare the effects on the heart of nicotine and carbon monoxide.
    E- give an account the research work concerning animal diseases

    Agriculture remains the most crucial area for development; here it seems that the most intractable problems of resistance to change exist. One may argue that scientific training in agriculture by itself is unlikely to have any market impact on agriculture output. Any attempt at vocational training in agriculture presupposes that a meaningful structure of incentive exist for the individual farmer to increase his output, improve his techniques and expand his range of activities. Without such incentives and opportunities agricultural education can have little impact.

    86. The author is of the opinion that improvement in the field of agriculture.. .
    A- cannot be achieved through vocational training
    B- can easily be realised
    C- have already led to good results.
    D- are absolutely vital for productivity.
    E- have largely been confined to technology.

    87. We can understand from the passage that the agricultural community . .
    A- tends to disregard the problems of the individual farmer.
    B- is eager for more vocational training.
    C- is fully aware of the long-term benefits of scientific training.
    D- has already begun to benefit from the improved techniques.
    E- is not the one that welcomes change

    88. The author concludes that vocational training in agriculture .. .
    A- will be an effective way of eliminating resistance to change in society.
    B- will provide farmers with a wide range of opportunities.
    C- will be futile unless it is backed up with various incentives
    D- in regarded as priority for social development
    E- has often been underestimated by various authorities.

    Some decades ago there was hardly such a subject as the economics of the education. Today it is one of the most rapidly growing branches of economics. Together with health economics, it makes up the core of the economics of human resources, a field of inquiry which in the last few years has been silently revolutionising such traditional subjects as grown economics, labour economics, international trade, and public finance. Consequently, the economics of education with its concept of human investment has rapidly transformed large areas of orthodox economics.

    89. The author points out that the term "the economics of education" .
    A- has only come into use in very recent years
    B- has for decades been under discussion among economists
    C- is of little significance in orthodox economics
    D- has only been accepted in educational circles
    E- is gradually disappearance from economic writings

    90. According to the passage, the economics of education .. .
    A- is not connected in any way with investment in man
    B- relates to a very narrow sphere of human activity
    C- has had no impact whatsoever on other areas of orthodox economics
    D- has today come into the forefront of economic thinking
    E- is one of the earliest branches of general economics

    91. The author suggests that the earlier branches of economics .. .
    A- have grown steadily in importance
    B- have been substantially modified through the introduction of economics of human resources
    C- have been virtually unaffected by health economics or the economics of human resources
    D- gave great importance to the idea of human investment
    E- constituted the essence of the economics of human resources

    Tigers grow to lengths of ten feet or more and can be bigger than the largest lion. They have immense strength. They clutch their prey to them holding on with their claws, and depend on the crashing bite of their powerful jaws to and the struggle. They swim very well and can often be seen splashing about in water on very hot days, since they apparently suffer from the heat. When the air is chilly, however, they avoid wet and damp vegetation. They can climb but don't approach the leopard's ability in this. They can negotiate treacherous rock areas but generally prefer to stay on level ground. They are not as well equipped with senses as one might expect. They apparently depend on their hearing while hunting. Their eyesight is not particularly good, and they seem unable to spot prey until it moves.

    92. It is clear from the passage that tigers .... .
    A- rely on their huge claws alone to catch and kill their prey
    B- are the most skilful climbers of all wild animals
    C- are sensitive to significant variations in temperature
    D- closely resemble lions as regards size speed and strength
    E- rely heavily upon their eyesight in location and catching prey

    93. As is mentioned in the passage, a flat terrain ... .
    A- is usually the favoured habitat of the tiger
    B- rather than rocky cliffs gives tigers better opportunities for hiding
    C- provides camouflage for leopards
    D- is usually wet, so tigers prefer higher levels
    E- usually has thicker vegetation which shelters more prey

    94. From the passage we learn that, contrary to what is generally thought , .
    A- once a prey starts to move a tiger can rarely catch it
    B- hearing is the least developed sense of the tiger
    C- the leopard's hunting ability is far behind that of the tiger
    D- rocky areas are invariably avoided by all wild animals
    E- the tiger's senses are not particularly well developed







    Scientists have long sought ways to define and measure human intelligence. And write theories of intelligence have grown more sophisticated since 1800s when some believed mental abilities were determined by the size of a person's head researchers still do not agree about certain fundamental principles of human thought. They therefore continue to debate such basic questions as whether heredity or the environment is more important in forming intelligence.

    95. As we learn from the passage, the age-old controversy about whether intelligence depends upon heredity or the environment .
    A- is now being ignored as it is seen to be fruitless
    B- was finally resolved in the 1800s
    C- has only recently become a subject for serious research
    D- does not seem to have ceased yet
    E- was more sophisticated in the 19th century than it is today

    96. According to the passage, in the early nineteenth century, some people held the view that a person's mental capacity .
    A- could never be changed
    B- depended on the head size
    C- was purely heredity
    D- was completely shaped by the environment
    E- fundamental to his character

    97. One may conclude from the passage that a full understanding of the nature ant the capacity of human intelligence .. .
    A- can only be achieved by exceptionally sophisticated minds
    B- has finally been achieved by modern scientists
    C- is sure to be realised within the next few years
    D- is not likely to be achieved in the near future
    E- will emerge through theoretical rather than experimental studies

    The novelist E.L. Doctorow is best known for mixing fiction with historical fact by placing his stories within the framework of public events. In fact, by integrating the front-page news of 20th century America with the lives of his characters. Doctorow gives readers the " feel " of an era combining the unusual and the commonplace. His latest novel, World's fair shows how the events of the turbulent 1930s helped mould the sensibilities of his young protagonist.

    98. It is explained in the passage that Doctorow's novel World's Fair .. .
    A- describes the damaging effects of the turbulent 1930s on the sensitive young protagonist
    B- is actually a full historical account of the great changes that took place in the 1930s
    C- demonstrate his theories concerning the relationship between man and his society
    D- fails to give his readers a "feel " of the 1930s in America
    E- gives an account of how the thoughts and feeling of the main character are shaped by the period in which he
    lived

    99. From the passage we learn that a blend of fiction and history .
    A- has not always been Doctorow's primary concern
    B- is deliberately avoided by Doctorow in his most recent novel
    C- is striking feature of Doctorow's writing
    D- is commonly used by contemporary American writers, including Doctorow himself
    E- is never to be found in the traditional novel

    100. We see in the passage that Doctorow's purpose in bringing together in his novels the usual and the extraordinary . .
    A- is to build up a concerning picture of a period
    B- did not achieve the result he aimed for in World's 'Fair
    C- has been frequently criticised by his readers
    D- has not been properly appreciated except in the case of World's Fair
    E- has been shared by other 20th century American novelists











    KPDS MAYIS97 SORULARI
    KEY


    1.E 2.B 3.A 4.B 5.C 6.A 7.D 8.E 9.C 10.D
    11.B 12.E 13.A 14.C 15.D 16.C 17.E 18.A 19.B 20.E
    21.D 22.A 23.C 24.B 25.E 26.A 27.B 28.D 29.C 30.C
    31.E 32.B 33.D 34.A 35.D 36.C 37.A 38.B 39.C 40.E
    41.D 42.C 43.E 44.A 45.B 46.E 47.B 48.B 49.C 50.A
    51.E 52.B 53.D 54.B 55.C 56.A 57.B 58.C 59.D 60.E
    61.E 62.C 63.B 64.C 65.A 66.B 67.E 68.D 69.B 70.C
    71.D 72. C 73.A 74.E 75.D 76.A 77.C 78.D 79.B 80.E
    81.C 82.E 83.A 84.B 85.C 86.D 87.E 88.C 89.A 90.D
    91.B 92.C 93.A 94.E 95.D 96.B 97.D 98.E 99.C 100.A
#18.05.2008 07:42 0 0 0
Mr.Kenan Mr.Kenan foto
  • KPDS 2002 KASIM SORULARI

    01-25. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yere uygun düşen ifadeyi bulunuz.

    1-Acid rain only became a ............ environmental issue in the 1980s following groundbreaking studies in the 1970s.
    a-previous b-deceitful c-reckless d-destructive e- prominent
    2-Using the dam to genarate power would not ............... the treaty with the neighbouring country, but diverting water out of the river.
    a-intimidate b-betray c-violate d-convert e- fetch
    3-The .................... that terrorists use the money from regions that finance them to their target country are often identical to those used by criminal gangs.
    a-regulations b-methods c-provisions d-laws e- admissions
    4-In the wake of yet another financial scandal, the cief accountant handed in his ............. to the director.
    a-retirement b-redundancy c-promotion d-resignation e- vacancy
    5-The American constution with its various constraints................ to protect citizens can actually shield criminals.
    a-discovered b-complained c-persuaded d-designed e- displayed
    6-The foreman has a way of making most people do what he wants, but somehow I don't think he'll manage to ............ the new director!
    a-get around b-make up for c-turn over d-keep up with e- rule out
    7-The man who created the firs computer virus has been sentenced to 20 months in an American federal prison, it is generallay agreed that he has been ............... very lightly.
    a-shown upon b-let off c-taken down d-given up e- brought in
    8-The members of the special commissions on crime, some of ............... were appointed by the mayor, still meet on a reguar basis.
    a-that b-whose c-whom d-who e- which
    9- ............... the Civil War, those years turned out to be golden era for the maganize industry.
    a-Despite b-Obviously c-Although d-Pertaining to e-Nevertheless
    10-Unfortunately, ...................... stamping out the drugs trade, these programs are simply forcing drug growers to move into more inaccessible regions.
    a-besides b-rather than c-in addition to d-due to e-as for
    11-Indeed, the situation is such that chairman has finally promised to implement ..................the committee recommends.
    a-whoever b-however c-if ever d-as ever e-whatever
    12-Unfortunately, ................ current productivity growth looks impressive, the rise in profits over the coming years is likely to prove disappointing.
    a-since b-just as c-even though d-if e-which
    13-The biggest accounting issue raised ......... the energy company is ................. accounting standards.
    a-by/over b-to/to c-for/under d-through/within e- from/into
    14-Crying, which starts .............., birth an alarm system that attracts the parent and it can be switched off ............. parental attention.
    a-with/for b-at/by c-for/with d-from/in e- by/through
    15-Since 1998, US federal government has more than doubled its spending ...............defense ..................biological weapons and chemical weapons
    a-for/with b-of/to c-on/against d-in/from e-with/over
    16-Items ............... display in this museum were obtained ............... mosques, Turkish baths, fountains and caravanserais dating back to the Ottoman period.
    a-on/from b-in/by c-for/out of d-within/of e- with/at
    17-Following Fours Mras mission losses, an independent report paints a very clear picture of ........... what ails the US space program, ............... what must be done fix to it.
    a-whether/through b-either/or c-how/and d-thus/that e- not only/but also

    18-Basicallay a country has two objectives in imposing tariffs; one is to raise revenue for government, ........... is to protect home industries by raising the price of competing goods from abroad.
    a-other b-both c-another d-the other e-each
    19-This part of Africa is growing greener again ............... that families who fled to wetter coastal ..............regions are starting to go home.
    a-so far b-to such an extent c-even so d-as a result e-even more
    20-While the parades for the opening of parliament ....................., the president ................. a sobering message for his countrymen
    a-had rehearsed/prepared
    b-have been rehearsed/has prepared
    c-were being rehearsed/was preparing
    d-are reharsing/is preparing
    e-had been rehearsed/would prepare
    21-Though we still ................ a long way to go, a lot of ............... in developing now medical procedures to deal with diseased issue.
    a-had had/had been accomplished
    b-had/has been accomplished
    c-have had/was accomplished
    d-are having/was being accomplished
    e-have/is being accomplished
    22-Soon customs officers .................... to use X-ray technology ...................cavities in vehicles for drugs.
    a-have been able/having scanned
    b-are able/scanned
    c-were able/to be scanned
    d-will be able/to scan
    e-would have been able to/to have scanned
    23-As acqusation opportunuties within the EU................. less, western European energy companies .............. to turn eastwards in the hunt for expansion opportunites.
    a-grow/are being forced
    b-will grow/would have been forced
    c-are growing/would be forced
    d-have grown/had been forced
    e- grew/have been forced
    24-İf Britain ................ the euro, say in 2004, the stability pact .................. highly importnt.
    a-will be joining/is becoming
    b-has joined/will have become
    c-will have joined/will become
    d-would join/has become
    e- were to join/would become
    25-Whatever else ............... the British Empire for so long, it was not Britain's education system.
    a-was sustained
    b-has sustained
    c-sustains
    d-sustained
    e-to have sustained
    26-32. sorularda verilen tümceyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.
    26-................. despite the claims of his lawyers that his statements had been made under "highly coercive conditions"
    a-John Walker refused to reveal the secrets of his life in Afghanistan
    b-The Amarican Taliban, John Walker, had been denied bail by the court
    c-John Walker, the Amarican Taliban, came froma humble background
    d-John Walker was incited by a federal grand jury
    e-John Walker played a leading role in Taliban activities


    27-Though some scholars argue thet .................... others say that she beginning of the 15th century was its real rise
    a-by the late part of the 12th century most of the library conventions of Urdu literature have already been well established
    b-the 12th century was the time of the great religious movements in India
    c-Urdu literature dates back to the 12th century
    d-most of the library writings in India in the 12th century consisted of religious tracts and allegories
    e-most Urdu poets in the 12 th century turned to romances and narratives of heroic deeds
    28- ............................... to whom they report.
    a-A growing body of evidence does indeed suggest that Enron was a case of bad management
    b-In theory a company's auditors are appointed independetly by its shareholders
    c-The Enron fiasco has shown that all is not well with the governance of many big American companies
    d-Harvey Pitt has been appointed the new chairman of the Securities and Exchange Commission in the US
    e-IN Congress, politicians are engaged in an investigation of Enron's managers
    29-.................. where they ate mosquito larvae and so helped prevent malaria.
    a-British engineers regarded these canals as "dond rivers"
    b-The people in Bengal still talk of digging canals across the Ganges delta
    c-Indeed irrigation gave a uch-needed boost to declining agricultural production
    d-The dam prevents all silt from following downstream
    e-The floos waters even brought fish into the fields
    30-Though coral reefs are among the richest ecosystems on the planet.....................
    a-they grow in crystal-clear waters that contain hardly any nutrients
    b-nutrient uptake is closely related to the degree of movement in the sea
    c-the rough surfaces are what make this possible
    d-they are also skilled at rcycling
    e-changes in turbulance accurately predicted the rate of nutrient uptake
    31-..................... there just wasn't enough evidence to convict him.
    a-If the trial had been postponed to a later date
    b-Since almost nothing the accused himself said could be substantiated
    c-Though he seemed extremely reluctant to sign the statement
    d-Even before the judge has finished summing up the case
    e-Although everyone was convinced that Smithhad committed the murder
    32-In thsi annual report, the accountant failed to clarify to position and explain ...................
    a-why expenditure had been in excess of the budget
    b-whether the budget really is unrealistic
    c-what perocedures will have been used in banking
    d-that more serious aspects were being overlooked
    e-which items in particular are being reconsidered
    33-Environmentalists are not often fon of dams .................................
    a-which had been built for both energy and irrigation
    b-though two negative ecological forces cancelled each other out
    c-unless the dams actually held back a vast sedimentation load
    d-since they frequently trap migratory fish
    e-that failed to perverse their biological variety over the years
    34-Today more than 100 million people have a breathing problem....................
    a-if only the rise the asthma cases has stopped
    b-that asthma levels are dropping in those born after 1985
    c-which costs $6 billion a year in the US alone
    d-unless they prefer not to admit it
    e-since exposure to antibiotics while in the womb in generally regarded as a further irritant
    35-The clarinet solo at the start of the movement provides the theme .......................
    a-if the sense of longing were once more brought to the force
    b-that unifies the whole work
    c-once the slow tempo had been reestablished
    d-until yet another ecstatic climax was reached
    e-that the workbegins quickly and harmonious


    36-40. sorularda, verilen Türkçe tümceye anlamca en yakın olan İngilizce tümceyi bulunuz.
    36-Eğer Rusya reform yapacak ve sonuçta müreffeh olacaksa, güvenli ve istikrarlı bir bölgeye ve yeni yatırımlara ihtiyaç duyacaktır.
    a-Russia can only reform and consequently prosper once a safe and stable neighbor exist and nwe investment are made
    b-Russia will get the reforms she needs and eventually prosper if the neighborhood becomes safe and stable and there are new investment
    c-A secure and stable environment and new investments are essential if Russia is to achive these reforms and eventually prosper
    d-There will have to be a state and stable environment and more investment before Russia can introduce reforms and consequently prosper
    e- If Russia is to reform and eventually prosper, it will need a secure and stable neighborhood and new investment
    37-Sierra Lone'deki iç savaş o kadar vahşiydi ki ve bıraktığı hasarlar o kadar ağır olmuştu ki normal düzene hızlı bir dönüş imkansızdır.
    a-One caannot look for a speedy return to normality is Sierra Leone, for the civil war there was herrotic and the resulting injures were excessive
    b-Since the civil war in Sierra Leone was so barbaric and the injures that resulted were so grave; a speedy return to normality is not to be expected
    c-The civil war in Sierra Leone was so barbaric, and the injures it left so grave that a swift return to normality is out of the question
    d-The civil war in Sierra Leone was so horritic and left in its wake so many injured that a return to normalitiy cannot readily be achieved
    e-A quick return to normality in Sierra Leone is out of the question, for the civil war was a savage one and the atroticities committed particularly injurious
    38-Devletler çökünce, sadece teröristlere ve uyuşturucu kaçakçılarına sığınak olmaz, aynı zamanda mülteci yığınlarının zengin ülkelere yönelmesini teşvik ederler.
    a-When states collapse, they not only become havens for terrorist and drug smugglers but also prompt multitudes of refugees to head for richer countries
    b-When states callopse, terrorists and drug smugglers can safely move in and multitudes of refugees leave for reacher countries
    c-When states callopse, this provides terrorist and drug peddlers with a safe haven while masses of refugees escape to richer countries
    d-Terrorist and drug peddlers find to haven for themselves when states callopse, but others flee the country in search of a richer word
    e-Masses of refugees flee to richer countries when states collapse, but terrorists and drug dealers move in to safety
    39-Kuveyt'teki en parlak gelişme, Körfezde özellikle Dubai'de yaygın bir uygulama olan serbest bölgenin yaratılmasıdır.
    a-In imtitation of the Gulf and of Dubai, in particular, Kuwait now has a free zone, which is a most promosing development
    b-The creation of a free zone in Kuwait is a very hopeful sign; the practise is common in the Gulf, especially in Dubai
    c-The brightest development in Kuwait is teh creation of a free zone, the practise that is common in the Gulf, especially in Dubai
    d-The creation of a free zone in Kuwait on the lines of those in the Gulf and especially in Dubai, is regarded as a very hopeful sign
    e-The most striking development in Kuwait is the creation of a free zone, as found commanly in the Gulf and especially in Dubai
    40-Amerika Birleşik Devletleri ile Kanada arasında olduğu gibi, farklı ekonomileri bütünleştirmede ortak bir dil, ortak para biriminden çok daha yararlıdır.
    a-It is the single language that aids the integration of different economies as in the case of the US and Canada, not the monetary system
    b-A comman language can be far more useful than a common currency to integrate different economies, as is the case between the US and Canada
    c-As regards the US and Canada, the integration of the different economies is due to the single language rather than to the single monetary system
    d-The integration of the different economies of the US and Canada owes more to a single language than to a single monetary system
    e- A common language rather than a common monetary system hase made possible the integration of the different economies of the US and Canada.
    41-45 sorularda, verilen İngilizce tümceye anlamca en yakın olan Türkçe tümceyi bulunuz.
    41-The type of bridge needed for cars and trucks is fundamentally different from that needed for railways.
    a-Otomobiller ve kamyonlar için ihtiyaç duyulan köprü türü ile demiryolları için ihtiyaç duyulan köprü türü birbirinden oldukça farklıdır.
    b-Demiryolları için, otomobiller ve kamyonlar için duyulan köprü türünden tamamen farklı bir köprü türüne ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.
    c-Otomobiller ve kamyonlar için gerekli olan köprü türü, demiryolları için gerekli olandan esas itibariyle farklıdır.
    d-Otomobiller ve kamyonlar için gerekli olan köprü türünden farklı bir köprü türüne demiryolları için gerek vardır.
    e- Demiryolları için ihtiyaç duyulan köprü türü, çoğunlukla otomobiller ve kamyonlar için ihtiyaç duyulandan tamamen farklıdır.
    42-Under a new resolution passed by the Security Council, Iraq will once more have to place all its oil earnings under UN control.
    a-Güvenlik Konseyinin almış olduğu bir kararara göre Irak, petrol gelirlerinin tümünü BM'nin denetimine bırakmaya zorlanacaktır.
    b-Güvenlik Konseyince kabul edilen yeni bir karara göre, Irak!ın tüm petrol gelirleri BM denetimine bırakılmak zorundadır.
    c-Güvenlik Konseyininaldığı yeni bir karar uyarınca, BM, Irak'ın petrol gelirlerinin tümünü denetim altına alacaktır.
    d-Irak'ın tüm petrol gelirlerinin BM tarafından denetim altına alınacak olması, Güvenlik Konseyince kabul edilen yeni bir karara dayanmaktadır.
    e- Güvenlik Konseyince kabul edilen yeni bir karar gereğince, Irak, yine tüm petrol gelirlerini BM denetimine bırakmak zorunda kalacaktır.
    43-The great works of Latin literature have exerted a potent influence on European thought and literary taste through the centuries and still form an important element in our common culture.
    a-Yüzyıllarca Avrpa düşüncesini ve edebi zevkini kalıcı bir şeikde etklemiş olan Latin Edebiyatının büyük eserleri, ortak kültürümüzün hala önemli bir ögesidir.
    b-Latin edebiyatının büyük eserleri, yüzyıllar boyunca, Avrupa düşüncesi ve edebi zevkiüzerinde güçlü bir etki yapmıştır ve hala ortak kültürümüzün önemli bir ögesini oluşturmaktadır.
    c-Avrupa düşüncesi ve edebi zevki,yüzyıllarca hala ortak kültürümüzün önemli bir ögesi olan Latin edebiyatının büyük eserlerinin büyük etkisi altında kalmıştır.
    d-Avrupa düşüncesi ve edebi zevki üzerinde yüzyıllar boyunca çok etkili olmuş olan Latin edebiyatının büyük eserleri, halen ortak kültürümüzün önemli bir öğesi olarak görülmektedir.
    e- Ortak kültürümüzün halen önemli biröğesi olarak görülen Latin edebiyatının büyük eserleri, yüzyıllar boyunca Avrupa'nın düşünce ve edebiyat zevki üzerinde kalıcı bir etki yapmıştır.
    44-The budget President Bush submitted to Congress included the biggest rise in military spending in 1982.
    a-Başkan Bush'un Kongreye sunmuş olduğu bütçe, 1982'den bu yana askeri harcamalarda en yüksek artışı içeriyordu.
    b-1982'den sonraki askeri harcamalarda en yüksek artışı içeren bütçe Başkan Bush tarafından Kongreye sunulmuş bulunuyor.
    c-1982'den bu yana askeri harcamalarda askeri harçamalarda en büyük artışı içeren bütçe Başkan Bush tarafından Kongreye sunulmuş bulunuyor.
    d-Başkan Bush tarafından Kongreye sunulan bütçe, 1982'den sonra askeri harcamalarda görülen en yüksek artıştır.
    e- Askeri harcamalarda 1982'den beri en yüksek artışı içeren bütçenin Kongre'ye sunuluşunu Başkan Bush yapmıştır.
    45-Pluto, which is the outermost planet of the solar system, has a mass ten times smaller than hitherto supposed.
    a-Bugüne kadar bilinenden on kat daha az bir kütleye sahip olan Plüton, güneş sisteminin en uç gezegenidir.
    b-Güneş sisteminin en uç noktasında bulunan Plüton gezegeninin kütlesi, daha önce bilinenden daha azdır.
    c-Daha önce kabul edilenden on kat daha az bir kütlesi bulunan Plüton gezegeni, Güneş sistemini en dış noktasındadır.
    d-Güneş sisteminin en uzak gezegeni olan Plüton, bugüne kadar sanıldığından on kat daha az bir kütleye sahiptir.
    e- Güneş sisteminin en uç noktasında bulunan Plüton, şimdiya kadar düşünülenden on kat daha bir kütleden oluşan bir gezegendir.


    46-51 nci sorularda, parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü bozan tümceyi bulunuz.
    46-(1) Everyone knows that software is in and hardware is out, at least as far as start-up companies are concerned. (2) A software company has low manufacturing costs can make good profits (3) Mistakes in both software and hardware are easy to cırrect. (4) For hardware companies the reverse is true (5) They have extremely hıgh manufacturing costs and thin profit margins.
    a-1 b-2 c-3 d-4 e-5
    47-(1)Norway remains aloot from the EU (2) İn contrast to Norway, Swedish economy relies on multi-national giants, not on oil reserves (3) She sees it far ore as athreat to her wealt than as a potential partner (4) The other Scandinavian countries, however are all EU members (5) They are traying to persuade Norway to join too, but she remains stobbornly resistant.
    a-1 b-2 c-3 d-4 e-5
    48-(1) In 1912, some of the top mathemeticians in the world recieved letters full of incredibly complex formulas (2) They come from Madras, India, from a 23-year-old accounts clerk named Srinivasa Ramanujan (3) He claimed to have worked them out in his spare time after leaving school (4) It is an ambition one shares with lots of people, of all ages and backgrounds (5) One of the letters reached Professor G.H. Hardy of Trinity College, Cambridge, who soon realized that the formulas were to work of one of the greatest mathematical geniuses of all time.
    a-1 b-2 c-3 d-4 e-5
    49-(1) In this book on management, the author makes the point that most people are deeply and rightly resistant to being maneged (2) He then goes on to give an attractive solution (3)The world's business leaders are too often motivated by self-interest, not by a company's performance (4) It is that the best way to manage people is to let them manage themselves (5) This becomes truly meaningful when we are reminded that the best performers are those who both know enough and care enough to manage themselves
    a-1 b-2 c-3 d-4 e-5
    50- (1) Global inequality is not just about income (2) it is also about education for children, access the world markets, control of technology and so on (3) Nevertheless, the extremes of global inequality are exemplified in a striking fashion in income distribution (4) Cheap labour has undoubtedly aided economic development in many of the developing countries (5) The richest 5% of the world's people have incomes 114 times thoose of the poorest 5%.
    a-1 b-2 c-3 d-4 e-5
    51-(1) Global warming is bringing new arrivals to British shores (2) Since 1980, 18 new fish species have been cought off the coast of Cornwall (3) As the water warms up, they feel the need to move northward (4) Since they are cold-blooded creatures, they have to find suitable surroundings in which to regulate their temperature (5) Indeed, between 1960 and 1980 no new species were reported anywere in the area.
    a-1 b-2 c-3 d-4 e-5
    52-57. sorularda, parçada boş bırakılan yere uygun düşen tümceyi bulunuz.
    52-Glasgow is now the largest city in Scotland and, indeed, is home to a quarter of the population of Scotland. This, however, has not always been the case ................................ After 1707, it grew at a phenomenal rate both as an international port and as a major industrial center.
    a-The University of Glasgow is one of the best in the cauntry.
    b-The name probably means "dear green place"
    c-There is a cethadral and other ecclesiastical institutions in the city
    d-For a long time it was simply a market town
    e- It is situated on the river Clyde and ringed by wind-swept moorlands.
    53-In 1912, a German weatherman named Alfred Wegener declared that all the continents of the world had once been joined together and were now drifting around the face of the Earth giants rafts. At first, Wegener's claim attracted little interest. ................... When this still failed to provoke a reaction, he brought out a second edition. That did it. Many of the world's top expert on geology gradually began to agree with him.
    a-A decade later he died, and his mad idea died with him.
    b-He published a small book on "continental drift" in 1913.
    c-But by the early 1960s, geologists were discovering evidence to support this theory.
    d-He was right about continental drift but unable to explain why it happaned.
    e-Today, continental drift is regarded as a science and is routinely taught at universities.


    54-On December 5, 1952, Londoners received a rude awakening. They opened their curtains to fınd out a choking dark cloud hanging over the city: a corrosive mixture of fog and smoke and gas .......................... That week there were more deaths in London than at the height of the cholera epidemic of 1966.
    a-For some inexplicable reason the fog stayed for the next four days causing an epidemic of bronchitis.
    b-Indeed, air pollution had never been regarded as a serious matter.
    c-Even so, it was until 1956 that the Clean Air Act came into force.
    d-Consequantly smokoless zones were established to reduce domestic sources of smoke, and in these only smokeless fuels would be burnt.
    e-Those four, dark smoky days marked a turning point public and political thinking about pollution
    55-When tourists eventually start arriving in space, they will need somewhere to stay. ................................. A three-ay stay at these hotels will cost rougly $40.000, but they are confident the public will be prepared to pay.
    a-Yhey are hoping to produce a reusable rocket large enough the carry three people 100 km into space and back.
    b-Scientist and researchers worlwide were consequently trying to make space tourism affordable.
    c-Orbiting space hotels have already been designed by a Japenese construction giant and a group of inrenational hotel architects.
    d-A notable reduction in prices finally opened up the aviation industry to general public.
    e- The problem is not simply to launch people into space but to see that they remain comfortable throughout the flight.
    56-About seven out of ten fires are due to the hand of man. Either accidental or deliberate, one to products, and processes of materials and the remaining two to defects in buildings. The most dangerous products in the home are plastics and rubber, which give off highly toxic fumes when burning. Videocassettes and loam-backed-carpets are major culprits......................
    a-The number of the fire deaths has shown a steady fall in recent years, but the risk of a blaze can never be ruled out
    b-If a means of escape does not exist, these hot gases develop a pressure on the walls of the upper parts of the structure
    c-When an opening is made to reach the fire, the admission of oxygen causes these gases on explode
    d-Once air is heated, it becomes lighter, rises and seeks escape through any openings that may be available
    e-Although the foam in used in furniture in now treated so that it is less flammable, it still helps to spread the blaze.
    57-For many centuries before the coming of the first Europeans, Arabs had been trading with the island of Madagascar, and had established various settlements on the coast........................ During the ensuing three centuries, sporadic attempts at colonization were made by both Dutch and French, especially the latter. In 1642, after the French had been in touch with the island fore more than a century, a French company was established to trade with the island, and in 1643 Fort Dauphin was founded on the southeast coast.
    a-But in 1500, these island was discovered by the Portuguese, and thus attracted Europeans
    b-It was not until the last year of line 18th century that the island had been relatively colonized
    c-In 1840-1841, the French navy occupied the island Nossi-Be, close to north-west coast of Madagascar
    d-In the 18th century, French commercial contact with the island was fairly continuous
    e-Historically, the island had the status of overseas territory within the French Union

    58-63. sorularda, karşılıklı konuşmanın boş bırakılan kısmında söylenmiş olabilecek ifadeyi bulunuz.
    58-SALLY:You know the old houses along the Bosphorus with their softly colored wooden walls, actually enhance the views
    MARK:They do indeed! Not like the harsh white concrete ones that ruin so many coastlines.
    SALLY:
    MARK:No, let's not
    a-Please don't remin me of them
    b-Let's make sure it's really safe, shall we?
    c-I'd like to live in a house like that
    d-You knowI could live here, I'll never tire of the wiev
    e-oh, don't let's think about them!




    59-GWEN: Apparently, Turkish textiles attracted a great deal of attention in Britain as far back as the 16th century.
    JENNİFER:I suppose it was the striking designs that attracted people.
    GWEN:
    JENNİFER:Yes, now I remember. The quality of teh dyes was way ahead of anything in Europe
    a-That, too, of course, but the high quality production techniques were also admired
    b-Turkish woolen fabric were known to extremely soft in strong
    c-It was through the operas on Turkish themes that europeans were fist introduced the Turkish dress
    d-The paintings of certain Dutch artists are an important source of imformation about early Turkish carpet designs
    e- At the time, many English merchants were trading with Turkey
    60-DAVİD:Can you recommend a book on astronomy? Preferably well-illustrated and fairly elementary.
    SHOP ASSİSTANT: Oh certainly. Take a look at this one.
    DAVİD:
    SHOP ASSİSTANT:And it's full of practical information, too, even on the types of telescopes you can buy
    a-You don't regard this a definitive guide to astronomy, do you?
    b-I think you need to know a fair bit about astronomy before you can follow this
    c-Astronomy is evolving rapidly so one nedds to up-date one's knowladge frequently
    d-Yes, It's certainly got plenty of fascinating photographs and diagrams and star maps
    e-I like the look of this. But what else do you have
    61-WİFE:Why don't you stop complaining about your partners and set up a business on your own?
    HUSBAND:I'd love to! But it would be hard going for at least three years!
    WİFE:
    HUSBAND:That's good point. Maybe, we shouldn't put it off any longer
    a-I think we'd both be a lot happier, What's worrying you?
    b-What do you mean by that? That we'd be short of money?
    c-I wouldn't mind that at all
    d-Then let's forget it! We can go on as we are
    e- We can cope with a bit of hardship now. Then years hence it might not be easy.
    62-REG:Have you read theis new book on İsaach Newton that everyone's talking about?
    HARRY:
    REG: Why not?
    HARRY:I gather it's not very scholorly and it's rather disparaging of Newton
    a-I'm still only half way through it
    b-I really didn't know everyone was talking about it!
    c- No, I haven't And I don't intend to either.
    d-I'm not suprised. But it won't be popular
    e-I gather it throws a new light on him; is that so?
    63-ALİCE:Listen to this: "The constraints facing investors today are no more serious than yesterday just more complex"
    BRUCE:Well, what does that mean?
    ALİCE:
    BRUCE:Yes, it sounds like a typical advert, No meaning but dressed up beautifully in words
    a-I though it would help you to decide how to invest your winnings
    b-I've to idea; I was just reading a part of a bank advert
    c-Nothing at all to me. Shall I go on and read some more to you?
    d-I wish I had something to invest
    e-Why do you ask?
    64-69. sorulrda verilen durumda söylenebilecek ifadeyi bulunuz.
    64-In the office section of your travel agency one of the clerks has grown rather slack and careless, and has come late on several occasions. The one in charge has decided to take action and consults you on what action to take. You feel inclined to be lenient, or at least give the culprit one more chance. You say:
    a-When he's in the mood, he works well. He just hasn't been in the righ mood for weeks
    b-He's been warned on several occasions. He deserves to be fired
    c-Why dont you let him off with a warnings? But tell him this is his last chance
    d-He's always been a disruptive element in the department. Let him go
    e-Personally. I like him. And with his French and his German he won't be easy to replace

    65-A friend unduly upset because of the way her son been treating her, and, indeed, because of his general attitude towards her. You want to cheer her up and make her believe it's all quite normal. You say:
    a-Not to worry! it's a phase they all go through and usually it doesn't last very long
    b-But he's such a nice boy! What have you done to annoy him?
    c-Oh, you are sure you haven't one anything wrong?
    d-The main thing is not to make an issue of it or you'll antoginize him for life
    e-You'd better have a straight talk with him and tell him to show more respect in future
    66-You need a book from the library rather urgently but just can't spare time to go there. You overhear a collegue say he is going to be library, so you write down the title of the book you want and the author on a slip of paper, and you go up to him and say:
    a-Next time you go the library there's a book I want you to borrow for me
    b-As you're going to the library anyway, would you mind taking this book out for me?
    c-I do wish you'd let me know when you are going to the library, so you can take out any book I might need
    d-I shall be needing this book shortly. Can you get it for me?
    e- I f you are going enywere near the library, I wish you'd choose some nice light reading for me
    67-You are being hailed as a hero for rescuing a child from a burning house. You want to play the event down and so you say:
    a-Only very special people can work as a fireman
    b-I've always wanted to do something heroic and now I'm pleased to have had the chance.
    c-Actually, it really wasn't very courageous of me at all. I just run in without considering the risks
    d-I shall never forget the way the child was screaming as I went in
    e-The parents should never have left the child alone like that
    68-You are meetin a friend in London and want to choose a suitable meetig place. As your friend doesn't know London well, you need to fix a meeting place she'll be able to find easily. And as the weather is cold, you want it to be indoors. After a moment's though, you say:
    a-The easiest way to get to anywhere in London is to take the Underground. The stations are all clearly labeled
    b-The best and easiest place were we can meet is the British Museum, which is not difficult to find.
    c-What would you like to do? We could look round a museum if you'd like to or go for a walk in Hyde Park
    d-There are special buses in London that take you on a tour of the city. Let's get one of those.
    e-It's not easy to meet someone in any of the big stores. They really are huge and they keep moving departments around.
    69-You and friend want to buy a present for a colleague for his new home. You want something a bir different. You think you know his taste in abstract pictures well enough to choose one that he'll appreciate, but you need to have fair number to choose from. You say:
    a-there are several exhibitions of abstract paintings on at the moment. Let's take a loot at them first
    b-Are you sure he prefers abstract paintings to portraits?
    c-As long as he colors aren't too bright, he'll be happy with whatever we give him
    d-Are you being wise? A picture is a very personal thing. Perhaps we should get him something else
    e- Personally, I've never really liked abstract paintings, so I don't know much about them

    70-75. sorularda, verilen tümceye anlamca en yakın olan tümceyi bulunuz.
    70-What worries me is that they have so far failed to improve the quality of the work.
    a-As they haven't managed to produce any high-quality work, I'm wondering if they ever will
    b-If only they could upgrade the quality of the work, I'd stop worrying
    c-Once the quality of the work improves, we'll be free of worries
    d-It's the fact that they still haven't managed to upgrade the quality of the work that troubles me
    e-They are still far from producing the high-quality of work I'm anxious to get.
    71-Roof insulation will pay itself within two years in lower heating costs, or so they claim.
    a-They claimed that roof insulation would reduce heating costs, so that in two years you could recover the amount invested
    b-It pays to insulate your roof since you certainly get back in around two years whatever you invest in lowered fuel costs
    c-Roof insulation reduces heating costs so much that in two years they guarantee that you back the money you invest in it
    d-They guarantee that money invested in roof insulation is recoverable in two years through reduced fuel costs
    e-They claim that in under two years you get back what you invest in roof insulation through fuel costs

    72-Those opposed to gambling continue to argue the case against it on social and moral grounds.
    a-Those who are against gambling continue ta state the moral and social reasons for the stand they take
    b-Those who are against gambling usually take a moral or a social stand against it
    c-There are two basic grounds for opposing gambling, the moral and social
    d-The case against gambling is usually based on both moral and social grounds
    e-They continue to oppose gambling and cite various moral and social reasons for the stand thet take
    73-My experiences in China were quite unlike anything else that had ever happened to me
    a- Life in China is quite different from anything I've come across elsewhere
    b-The events I encountered in China were unique; I'd known nothing like them before
    c-I hope that my experiences in China will never be repeated anywhere
    d-going to China was interesiting experience, quite unlike what I was prepared for
    e-I found myself in a unique situation in China and Presumably I will never know the like of it again
    74-I was tempted to resign there and then, but I'm glad now that I didn't
    a-I rather wish I'd had the courage to hand in my resignation straight away
    b-I wanted to give in my resignation immediately and I rather agree that I didn't
    c-I felt like handing in my resignation on the spot, but I know I would have regretted it
    d-If I were to resign now, I'd probably regret it
    e-Even now I fınd the idea of resigning rather tempting and may do so
    75-I just couldn't make understand that good planning is essential to success
    a-I've failed to convince him that the secret to success in a sound plan
    b-Apparently he can't grasp the ..........that without a sound plan success is hard to come by.
    c-He refuses to believe that tha plan will turn out to be successful
    d-He's convinced that the scheme is bound to succed
    e-I'll convince him in the end taht no amount of planning can guarantee success
    76-80 soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre yanıtlayınız.

    In modern times, it was perhaps the "gentleman scientists" of the 19. century who came closest to a genuinely objective form of scientific resarch. These privilleged amateurs enjoyed a financial independence which most scientists today cannot have, which enabled them to satisfy their scientific curiosily without the need to please patrons. With the growth the scientific research after World War II, science has become an expensive occupation. Many scientists today look back upon the 1960s as a golden age of modern-day science, when research was mainly funded by the taxpayer, and scientific enquiry was seen by goverments to be part of the public good, and worth paying for. Today, the situation is very different. "Academic freedom" is now often a little more than an illusion for most scientist working at universities or in publicy-funded research institutes. Moreaover, science is how largely dominated by the interest of the industrial world, and hencehardly deserve the name "science"
    76-According to the passage, the major difference between the "gentleman scientists" and present day ones................
    a-has frequently been ignored by governments and universities
    b-is that the former were free to research as they chose, while the letter are not
    c-has become a highly controversial issue in universty circles
    d-is not nearly so obvious as some people believe it to be
    e-the former were less objective in their research methods than the letter one
    77-The writer points out that in the 1960s ......................
    a-research activities were largely carried out under the sponsorship of industry
    b-scientist believed that they were entering upon a golden age
    c-academic feedom was already a thing of the past
    d-scientist carried out their research activities at the public expense
    e-scientific research largely concentrated on meeting the needs of war
    78-The writer of the passage argues that contemporary scientific research ........................
    a-is, to a large extent, controlled by the interest of industry
    b-find its best millieu within the universities
    c-is advancing at an incredibly fast rate
    d-offers one of tje most exciting and stimulating af careers
    e-is far more concerned with theory than with any practical application


    79-The writer of tha passage regards the "gentleman scientists" of the 19.century as privileged because.....................
    a-the coice of field was rapidly expanding
    b-there were plenty of patrons willing to finance them
    c-they were unrestricted by financial pressures
    d-scientific research was still in its early stage and it was easy to discover something new
    e-there were always well-rewarded for their efforts
    80-The phrase "part of the public good" in effect means................
    a-deserving a good public
    b-setting good standards for society
    c-ensuring a better future for society
    d-beneficial of society
    e-recognized by the general public as being good
    81-85. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre yanıtlayınız.

    Some people believe that meat consumption contributes to famine and depletes the Earth's natural resorces. Indeed, it is often argued that cows and sheep require pasturage that could be better used to grow grain for starving millions in poor cuntries. Additionally, claims are made that raising livestock requires more water than raising plants foods. But both these argument are illogical. As for the pasturage4 argument, this ignores the fact that a large portion of the Earth's dry land is unsuited to cultivation. For istance, desert and mountainous areas are not suitable for cultivation, but are suitable for animal grazing. However, modern comercial farming methods prefer to raise animals in an enclosed space feeding them on grains and soybeans. Unfortunately, the bulk of commercial livestock is not range-fed but stall-fed. Stall-fed animals do not ingest grasses and shrubs (like they should) but are fed on unnatural array of grains and soybeans, which could be eaten by humans. The argument here, then, is not that eating meat depletes the Earth's resources, but that commercial farming methods do. Such methods subject livestock to deplorable living conditions where infections, antibiotics and synthetic hormones are common. These all lead to an unhealty animals and, byextension, to unhealty food product.
    81-One important point made in this passage is that .............................
    a-desert and mountainous regions should be developed as arable for cultivation
    b-the way livestock is raised on modern farms involves various health hazards
    c-more encouragement should be given to the application of modern farming technologies
    d-meat production in the developed world needs to be increased to combat famine
    e-every measure must be taken to conserve the Earth's natural resources
    82-One argument that is clearly opposed in the passage.........................
    a-concerns the value of antibiotics in the raising of healty livestock
    b-concerns the introduction of soybeans in the basic feed for livestock
    c-is related to i the inadequate methods employed in the prevention of famine
    d-is that livestock need water as much as plants do
    e-is that land used for pasturage should be utulized for the cultivation of crops
    83-Contrary to what is often argued, the passage points out that.....................
    a-synhetic hormones can be used to improve the quality of meat
    b-underdevoloped countries need to adopt modern farming methods in order to overcome famine
    c-grazing for sheep and cows needs to be upgraded so as to increase meat production
    d-the famine in the world is not directly related to the consumption of meat
    e-a very extensive part of the earth's surface is ideally suitable for the cultivation of crops
    84-The writers attacks present day commercial farming methods...........................
    a-but admits that there is a higher production rate than there was with earlier methods
    b-though the end product is extremely healthy
    c-and claims that they are responsible for depleting the natural resources of the world
    d-though it ensures that there is suffficent food for everyone
    e-because among other things, it makes no effort to cultivate dry mountainous regions
    85-By the "pasturage argument" is meant the argument that ....................................
    a-the land used for animal grazing ought to be cultivated and used to grow grain
    b-livestock should be stall-fed on grains and not allowed to graze freely
    c-cultivated land ought to be turned into pasturage
    d-only cattle that are allowed to graze freely produce good meat
    e-dry mountainous areas could be watered and turned into good pasturage
    86-89. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre yanıtlayınız.
    The chief triumph oh this book is its depiction of Wellington. He is not simply the famous British general who defeated Napoleon at Waterloo. He remains a great general bu he is also shown to have had feet of clay inside his splendid boots. For example, the writer dwells on Wellington's vanity and his unattractive lack of generosity in sharing the credit for his victories. Thşs is a spendid book. Never less than interesting, but always trenchant. It redefines Wellington without diminishing his achievements and ends bu reminding us that it was Napoleon who so forcefully artucilated a whish that there should be "a Eorepean code of laws, a European judiciary... one peaople in Europe" The ogre's dream is coming true.
    86-From this passage, we get the impression that the book being reviewed.............
    a-makes fun of both Napoleon and Wellington
    b-overlooks the fact that Wellington was a great general
    c-pays more attention to Napoleon than to Wellington
    d-is unnecessarily critical of Wellington
    e-is well-writtwn and gives a balanced picture of Wellington
    87- In this book under review, Wellington is criticized for.............
    a-not recognizing the role played by others in his victories
    b-his plan of campaing at Waterloo
    c-traying to buy people's affection and support
    d-underestimating Napoleon's strenght
    e-failng to consult his subordinates
    88-It clear from the passage that the book under review differs from traditional biographies of Wellington..................
    a-as his great enemy Napoleon receives more than his share of praise
    b-as it questions his skills as a leader
    c-because it shows up his human weakness
    d-in attitude, but not in content
    e-by putting the emphasis on his vices, not on his virtues
    89-We understand from the passage that in the book under review, Napoleon................
    a-is simply presented as the big enemy
    b-receives acclaim for envisaging a united Europe
    c-is shown to have had greater military skills than Wellington
    d-and Wellington each admired the military skills of the other
    e- knew from the beginning that hi would never conquer Britain
    90- "feet of clay" stands for.......................
    a-disgraceful impulses
    b-unmilitary feelings
    c-desires that have to be surpassed
    d-basic human weakness or faults
    e-an overwhelming desire to deceive
    91-95. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre yanıtlayınız.
    Fast food is such a pervasive part of American life that it has become synonymous American Culture. Fast food was born in America and it has swollen into a $106 billion industry. America export fast food worlwide and its attendant corporate culture, has probably been more influential and done more to destroy local food economies and cultural diversity than any government propaganda program could hope to accomplish. No corner of the earth is safe from its presence and no aspect of life is unaffacted. Fast food is now found in shopping malls, airport, hospitals, gas stations, stadiums, on trains and increasingly, in schools. There are 23.000 restaurants in one chain alone, and another 2.000 are being opened every year. Their effect has been the same on the millions of people it feeds daily and on the people it employs. Fast food culture has changed how we work, from its assembly-line kitchens filled with robotic frying machines to the trite phrases spoken to customers by its poorly paid part-time workforce. In the United States, more than 57 percent of the population eat meals away from home on any given day and day spend more money on fast-food than they do on higher education, personal computers, or even on new cars.
    91-This passage on American fast-food industry ....................
    a-shows convincingly that is falling into disfavor
    b-is clearly written by someone who loves good food
    c-concentrates on negative aspects
    d-gives a ratioanl account of why it grew so fast
    e-reveals the support it received from government propaganda
    92-The world "swollen"....................
    a-emphasizes the speed at which the industry has grown
    b-suggests that the growth is excessive and unhealty
    c-has very positive connotations
    d-draws attention to the inevitability of teh growth of the industry
    e-implies that the industry will continue to grow on steadily
    93-One point that receives a lot of attention in the passage is ...................
    a-in fact that fast food is now more popular outside the US than it is inside
    b-tha fact that fast food meets our dietary needs
    c-the consideratioan the fast food companies show to their employees
    d-the far reaching effects of the fast food industry
    e-the idea that in such places as gas stations and trains fast food is actually the only practical kind of food
    94-The writer of the passage clearly regrets the fact that .......................
    a-the fast food companies cannot afford to pay even their part-time workers adequate salaries
    b-the growth of the fast food industry has now come to a halt
    c-there are still more traditional restaurants than fast food ones
    d-the fast food industry cannot retain the high standards with which it started
    e-local and traditional styles of food are being pushed off the market
    95-The assertion at the and of the passage that Americans spend more money on fast-food than they do on higher education.................
    a-is a criticism of the amount of money spent on fast food by Americans
    b-suggesrs that Americans are greedy for good food
    c-means that 57 percent of the American population has very little money left over when it has paid for its food
    d-it an indication that higher education in the US is not expensive
    e-is, in the light of the rest of the passage, is a gross exaggeration
    96-100. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre yanıtlayınız.
    Even though there have been truly significant advances in modern medicine health problems still abound and couse untold misery. Although hearth disease and cancer were rare at the beginning of the 20th century today these two diseases strike with increasing frequency, in spite of billions of dollars in research of combat them, and in spite of tremendous advances in diagnostic and surgical techniques. In America, one person in three suffers from allergies, one in ten has ulcers and one in five is mentally ill. Every year, a quarter of a million infants are born with a birth defect and undergo expensive surgery, or are hidedn away in institutions. Other degenerative diseases such as arthritis, multiple sclerosis, diabetes and chronic fatigue afflict a significant majority of Americans. Furher learning disabilities make life miserable for seven million young people and their parents, These diseases were extremely rare only a generation or two ago. Today, chronic illness afflicts nearly half of all Americans and causes three out of four deaths in the United States
    96-One point that is stressed in thi passage about the American people is that...............
    a-they are less laible to degenerative disase than most other people
    b-the rate of infant mortality among them is rasing rapidly
    c-there is alarming lack of communication between parents and their childiren
    d-the incidence of cancer among them is slowly being reduced due to medical advences
    e-in one way or another, a very large proportion of them have health problems.
    97-According to the passage, cancer and heart diseases are on the increase..................
    a-and most of the cures have serious side-effect
    b-due to problems of diagnosis which for the present seem insurmountable
    c-since research so far carried out in these fields has been quite inadequate
    d-even though a great deal of money is being spent on research into them
    e-but every little is being done by the authorities to combat them
    98-The writer of this passage draws our attention to.........................
    a-the fact that it is young people who are the most affected by degenerative diseases
    b-the paradox that medicine today has improved remarkably, but more and more people are suffering from various diseases
    c-the commanly-held view that cancer will, in a few decades, be completely eradicated
    d-the argument that good helath depends upon a healty diet and early diagnosis
    e-the possibility that it is mental rather than physical health that is going to be the major problem of the future in the US

    99-The passage stresses that ill-health gives rise to a great deal of mistery...................
    a-which is not confined to the patient alone
    b-which is largely associated with pain
    c-especially in the case of chronic illness
    d-even before an accurate diagnosis has been made
    e-especially when the symptoms are severe
    100-The term "significant majority" refers to............
    a-an articulate majority
    b-a statistically small majority
    c-a large and important majority
    d-a rapidly, increasing majority
    e-am unexpected but continuing majority






    1-E 13-A 25-D 37-C 49-C 61-E 73-B 85-A 97-D
    2-C 14-B 26-D 38-A 50-D 62-C 74-C 86-E 98-B
    3-B 15-C 27-C 39-C 51-E 63-B 75-A 87-A 99-A
    4-D 16-A 28-B 40-B 52-D 64-C 76-B 88-C 100-C
    5-D 17-E 29-E 41-C 53-B 65-A 77-D 89-B
    6-A 18-D 30-C 42-E 54-A 66-B 78-A 90-D
    7-B 19-B 31-E 43-B 55-C 67-C 79-C 91-C
    8-C 20-C 32-A 44-A 56-E 68-B 80-D 92-A
    9-A 21-C 33-D 45-D 57-A 69-A 81-B 93-D
    10-B 22-D 34-E 46-C 58-C 70-D 82-E 94-E
    11-E 23-C 35-B 47-B 59-A 71-E 83-D 95-A
    12-C 24-E 36-E 48-D 60-D 72-A 84-C 96-E
#18.05.2008 07:41 0 0 0
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  • MAYIS 2003 KPDS SORULARI

    1.-15. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.

    1. As the new field-worker will be working in close ________________ with several others, make sure you select someone with an agreeable personality.
    a) Uniformity b) suspicion c) collaboration d) discretion e) productivity

    2. Sponsorship is being increasingly allowed in schools provided it is regarded as being ________________ with educational curricula.
    a) Considerate b) predictable c) decisive d) compatible e) provocative

    3. The discovery of a ________________ cancer-causing chemical in foods like crisps, chips and cereals caused shock waves around the world when it hit the headlines earlier this year.
    a) Potentially b) remarkably c) controversially d) memorably e) concisely

    4. Each year, large amounts of carbon monoxide are ________________ into the atmosphere by automobiles and factories.
    a) Absorbed b) emitted c) exchanged d) repulsed e) compelled

    5. The first two paragraphs ________________ the particular requirements of the digital environment as the source of data and as a means of producing maps and other visualizations.
    a) Lay emphasis on b) run out of c) break through d) stop short of e) look down on

    6. Professional tennis, which got its start in 1926 when the French player Suzanne Lenglen ________________ 50,000 US dollars for a tour, only ________________ full recognition in 1968.
    a) had been paid / has received
    b) was paid / received
    c) has been paid / would receive
    d) is paid / receives
    e) would be paid / had received

    7. Once the director ________________ just how much was at stake, he ________________ immediate steps to deal with the dispute.
    a) realizes / will take
    b) has realized / had taken
    c) had realized / took
    d) realized / takes
    e) would realize / has taken

    8. The once radical notion that birds ________________ from dinosaurs ________________ stronger and stronger since palaeontologists first started taking it seriously a couple of decades ago.
    a) descended / has grown
    b) have descended / grew
    c) had descended / had grown
    d) descend / is growing
    e) are descending / was growing

    9. Throughout his term in office, President Clinton ________________ by allegations relating to the Whitewater real estate deal in which he and his wife, Hillary Clinton, ________________ prior to the 1992 election.
    a) is dogged / are involved
    b) had been dogged / were involved
    c) was dogged / had been involved
    d) has been dogged / have been involved
    e) was being dogged / may have been involved

    10. The essays taken together tell the story of how the US became an economic power ________________ a scale unprecedented ________________ history.
    a) for / with b) at / by c) with / from d) thought / at e) on / in

    11. ________________ the surprise of the archaeologists, the structures turned out to be the remains ________________ two domed tombs, each over a thousand years old.
    a) To / of b) At / from c) For / by d) With / over e) By / through

    12. More than 29 million Africans are now infected with HIV, and the disease is killing ________________ Africans ________________ all the continent's wars combined.
    a) so many / as b) either / or c) more / than d) not only / but also e) both / and

    13. He did ________________ better in the interview ________________ any of the other applicants.
    a) much / as b) rather / than c) as / for d) still / with e) far / from

    14. Geographical Information System tools provide specialised functions for spatial data input, processing, analysis and output, ________________ Database Management System tools provide more advanced functions for storing and managing large spatial databases.
    a) that b) due to c) while d) whether e) in that

    15. Photosynthesis is the process ________________ green plants manufacture carbohydrates, using the energy of sunlight.
    a) as when b) on which c) where d) by which e) since

    16.- 20. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numaralanış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.

    Anyone looking for a way to something for the environment need look no further than their own home. In its struggle to ___(16)__ with the Kyoto Protocol of 1997 and reduce greenhouse gas emissions to ___(17)___ 1990 levels, the EU ___(18)___ to reduce energy consumption in the home. This is ___(19)___ surprising since the EU's 160 million buildings are ___(20)___ responsible for a staggering 40% of all energy consumed by its 15 states.

    16. a) coincide b) agree c) augment d) compete e) comply

    17. a) forward b) above c) behind d) below e) back

    18. a) to have sought b) would seek c) having sought d) would be seeking e) is seeking

    19. a) hardly b) nevertheless c) more d) indeed e) just

    20. a) nearly b) apparently c) therefore d) likely e) permanently

    21.-25. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numaralanış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.

    The United States will officially take 70,000 refugees in 2003. ___(21)__ the number will be much lower as many thousands will be caught up in lengthy ___(22)___ necessitated by post-September 11th security procedures. In 2002, for example, America ___(23)___ only 30,000 refugees, the lowest number in 25 years. This is a remarkable ___(24)___ of America's traditional generosity ___(25)___ the world's displaced.

    21. a) In place of b) In return c) In practice d) In case e) In excess of

    22. a) distinctions b) competitions c) departures d) delays e) resources

    23. a) had accepted b) has accepted c) would accept d) is accepting e) accepted

    24. a) reversal b) exchange c) comparison d) expression e) appreciation

    25. a) against b) through c) over d) towards e) beyond

    26. Unlike most animals, the baby elephant very often has to be up on its feet and moving with the herd ________________.
    a) whether it is fully functional straightaway
    b) so it has an amazing ability to lean and remember things
    c) as if there were a long period of juvenile dependency
    d) before it is even an hour old
    e) because a nomadic life-style necessitated such practices
    27. According to the newspapers, the investigators, who visited Ukraine over the sale of radar-detection equipment to Iraq, complained ________________.
    a) Until considerable incriminating evidence has been discovered
    b) though some officials have admittedly cooperated
    c) that vital information was being withheld
    d) whether other countries ought to come under their scrutiny
    e) though effective action would have been forthcoming

    28. Japan has produced two hi-tech stadiums ________________.
    a) that has been designed to serve several purposes
    b) which display the sort of innovation for fun treatment we expect from that country
    c) neither of them is designed with the fans in mind
    d) whenever there is novelty for the sake of novelty
    e) as there is provision for novel waterproofing systems which are highly effective

    29. ________________, urban farms are usually far more productive than their rural counterparts.
    a) If city authorities and agricultural researchers continue to ignore urban farming
    b) Because they tend to be small and carefully looked after
    c) Even though most farmers didn't use yield-boosting chemicals
    d) While the highest productivity has been on the smallest plots
    e) As better child nutrition can be linked to the local production of food in urban areas

    30. It has only recently been accepted ________________.
    a) just as in Huntington's disease a defective protein kills brain cells
    b) why the nerve cells of the adult human brain were long thought to be too specialized to regenerate
    c) because now it appears that the brain can greatly increase production in an attempt to repair damage
    d) In case the discovery raises the possibility of developing drugs to encourage cells to regenerate faster and sooner
    e) that adult human brains can generate new cells

    31. ________________ as one does not know the contents of the next chapter!
    a) He should have weighed the matter more carefully at the start
    b) The writing of any kind of contemporary history is always a dangerous business
    c) The subject he chose was a highly controversial one
    d) The speech aroused no response whatsoever in the audience
    e) He'll probably keep within the limits set down by his adviser

    32. Though the UK possesses a third of all Europe's wind energy potential ________________.
    a) Denmark was leading in the world in wind technology
    b) most of the industrial world had been slow to recognize the benefits of wind
    c) it still produces far less than other European countries
    d) hydroelectric power is another renewable energy resource
    e) there could have been a drop of around 7% in the gas emissions

    33. ________________, a multitude of new residential developments are underway.
    a) Unless the first impression is a good one
    b) Once the new marina had started
    c) If there were a reception centre to greet prospective customers
    d) Since Dubal would like to persuade people to stay on a more permanent basis
    e) As if they have benefited from the swimming pool and sports facilities

    34. Although relatively few people have outright food allergies, ________________.
    a) there are many who have difficulty in digesting certain foods
    b) peanuts are among the most allergenic foods
    c) biotechnologists are altering some foods genetically in an attempt to eliminate the proteins
    d) the majority took a firm stand against genetically modified foods
    e) the number of people who experience a reaction to vegetables is very negligible

    35. If only the tax return over the year had been as high as had been predicted, ________________.
    a) this can easily be accounted for
    b) they have underestimated their economic commitments
    c) some people regard accounting as an art, not a science
    d) companies are no longer the unified, self-contained organizations that they used to be
    e) such increased government outlays on public services would have been feasible
    36.-40. sorularda, verilen İngilzce cümleye anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyi bulunuz.

    36. At the 1994 Brussels NATO summit a "partnership for peace" programme was formally launched, enabling the old Warsaw Pact members and former Sovlet republics to take part in a wide range of military cooperation with NATO.
    a) Eski Varşova Paktı üyeleri ve önceki Sovyet cumhuriyetleri, 1994 Brüksel NATO zirvesinde kabul edilen "barış için ortaklık" programı sayesinde NATO ile askeri alanda çok kapsamlı işbirliği yapma olanağı buldular.
    b) Eski Varşova Paktı üyelerinin ve önceki Sovyet cumhuriyetlerinin NATO ile geniş kapsamlı askeri işbirliği yapmalarını sağlamaya yönelik "barış için ortaklık" programı, ancak 1994 Brüksel NATO zirvesinde resmen hayata geçirilme olanağı buldu.
    c) 1994 Brüksel NATO zirvesinde ilk kez önerilen "barış için ortaklık" programı, eski Varşova Paktı üyelerine ve önceki Sovyet cumhuriyetlerine NATO ile askeri alanda sıkı bir işbirliği yapma olanağı sağlamayı amaçlıyordu.
    d) 1994 Brüksel NATO zirvesinde, eski Varşova Paktı üyelerine ve önceki Sovyet cumhuriyetlerine NATO ile geniş kapsamlı bir askeri işbirliği yapma olanağı sağlayan "barış için ortaklık" programı resmen yürürlüğe kondu.
    e) "Barış için ortaklık", ilk kez 1994 Brüksel NATO zirvesinde resmen kararlaştırılıp yürürlüğe konan ve eski Varşova Paktı üyeleri ile önceki Sovyet cumhuriyetlerine NATO ile askeri işbirliği olanağı sağlayan geniş kapsamlı bir programdır.

    37. One of the issues covered by the Maastricht Treaty, which took effect on 1 November 1993, is the European Union's decision-making process.
    a) 1 Kasım 1993'te yürürlüğe giren Maastricht Antlaşması ile Avrupa Birliği'nin karar alma sürecine ilişkin sorunlarından biri çözülmüştür.
    b) Avrupa Birliği'nin karar alma süreciyle ilgili konuları kapsayan Maastricht Antlaşması, 1 Kasım 1993'te yürürlüğe girmiştir.
    c) 1 Kasım 1993'te yürürlüğe giren Maastricht Antlaşması, Avrupa Birliği'nin karar alma sürecinin konu edildiği düzenlemelerden biridir.
    d) Avrupa Birliği'nin karar alma skürecine ilişkin sorunların, 1 Kasım 1993'te yürürlüğe giren Maastricht Antlaşması'yla çözülmesi amaçlanmaştır.
    e) 1 Kasım 1993'te yürürlüğe giren Maastricht Antlaşması'nda kapsanan konulardan biri, Avrupa Birliği'nin karar alma sürecidir.

    38. At a UN conference held in Rome in July 1998, an agreement was reached to set up a permanent international criminal court to try individuals accused of war crimes and crimes against humanity.
    a) Temmuz 1998'de Roma'da apılan BM konferansında alınan bir kararla kurulan uluslararası daimi ceza mahkemesi, savaş suçu ve insanlığa karşı diğer suçları işleyen kişilerin yargılanmasıyla görevlendirilmiştir.
    b) Savaş suçları ve insanlığa karşı suçlarla itham edilen kişilerin yargılanmasıyla amacıyla bir uluslararası daimi ceza mahkemesinin kurulması ancak Temmuz 1998'de Roma'da yapılan bir BM konferansında alınan kararla mümkün olmuştur.
    c) Temmuz 1998'de Roma'da yapılan bir BM konferansında, savaş suçları ve insanlığa karşı suçlarla itham edilen kişileri yargılamak amacıyla bir uluslararası daimi ceza mahkemesinin kurulması için anlaşmaya varıldı.
    d) temmuz 1998'de Roma'da yapılan BM konferansında bir uluslararası daimi ceza mahkemesinin kurulmasına karar verilince, savaş suçları gibi insanlık suçu işleyen kişilerin yargılanması mümkün olmuştur.
    e) Savaş suçları gibi insanlık suçu işlemiş kişileri yargılayacak uluslarası bir daimi ceza mahkemesinin kurulması konusunda Temmuz 1998'de Roma'da yapılan bir BM konferansında anlaşmaya varıldı.

    39. The European Monetary System was established in 1979 in the wake of the 1974 oil crisis, which brought growing disruption to European economics because of floating exchange rates.
    a) 1974'teki petrol bunalımının dalgalı döviz kurları nedeniyle avrupa ekonomilerinde giderek artan bir tıkanmaya yol açması, 1979'da Avrupa Para Sistemi'nin kurulması ile sonuçlanmıştır.
    b) Avrupa Para Sistemi, dalgalı döviz kurları nedeniyle avrupa ekonomilerinde giderek artan bir tıkanmaya yol açan 1974 petrol bunalımının arkasından, 1979'da kurulmuştur.
    c) 1979'da kurulan Avrupa Para Sistemi, 1974'teki petrol bunalımına bağlı olarak ortaya çıkan dalgalı döviz kurlarının Avrupa ekonomilerinde büyüyen bir tıkanmaya yol açmasının sonucudur.
    d) 1974 petrol bunalımında dalgalı döviz kurlarının ortaya çıkması, Avrupa ekonomilerinin giderek artan bir tıkanmaya sürüklenmesi ve 1979'da Avrupa Para Sistemi'nin kurulması gibi bir dizi olaya neden olmuştur.
    e) 1979'da Avrupa Para Sistemi'nin kurulmasında temel etken, 1974 petrol bunalımının dalgalı döviz kurları nedeniyle Avrupa ekonomilerinde giderek büyüyen bir tıkanmaya yol açmasıdır.

    40. "Project Skylab" was designed to demonstrate that men can live and work inspace for prolonged periods without ill effects.
    a) "Skyab Projesi", insanların kötü sonuçlarla karşılaşmadan uzayda uzunsüre yaşayabilecklerini ve çalışabileceklerini göstermek için tasarlanmıştır.
    b) İnsanların, hiçbir kötü etki olmadan uzun süre uzayda yaşayarak çalışabilekleri, 3Skylab Projesi" ile ortaya konmuştur.
    c) "Skylab Projesi"nini amacı, insanların herhangi bir olumsuzluk olmadan uzayda uzun süre yaşamlarının ve çalışmalarının mümkün olup olmadığını araştırmaktı.
    d) İnsanların uzayda uzun süre yaşabileceklerini ve çalışabileceklerini ortaya koymak için tasarlanan "Skylab Projesi", hiçbir kötü sonuçta karşılaşılmadan tamamlanmıştır.
    e) "Skylab Projesi" tasarlanırken, insanların hiçbir olumsuz sonuç olmadan uzayda uzunsüre yaşama ve çalışma olanağına sahip olduklarını ispat etmek amaçlanmıştı.

    41.-45. sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümleye anlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyi bulunuz.

    41. Amerikalılar, evlerini ısıtmak için doğalgazdan güneş enerjisine kadar çeşitli enerji kaynakları kullanılmaktadırlar.
    a) In order to heat their homes, Americans prefer to use different forms of energy, including natural gas and solar power.
    b) Americans use a variety of energy sources, from natural gas to solar power, to heat their homes.
    c) Natural gas and solar power are just two of the energy sources that Americans use to heat their homes.
    d) Americans favour natural gas and solar power as the energy sources for heating their homes.
    e) In order to heat their homes, American seem to prefer either natural gas or solar energy over other energy sources.

    42. Hükümet giriş ücretlerini kaldırır kaldırmaz, çok daha fazla kişi müzeleri ve sanat galerilerini ziyaret etmeye başladı.
    a) Following the government's ruling for no entrance charges for museums and art galleries, more and more people will start to visit them.
    b) An increasing number of people had begun to visit the museums and art galleries even before the government abolished entrance fees.
    c) If the government decides to stop charging entrance fees for museums and art galleries, many more people will start to visit them
    d) As soon as the government had abolished entrance charges, many more people started to visit the museums and art galleries.
    e) Now, as there are no admission charges for museums and art galleries, following a government ruling, an increasing number of people are visiting them.

    43. Uzay mekiği Colombia'nın patlaması ve astronotlarının ölümü konusunda herkesin cevaplanmasını istediği soru çok basit: Neden?
    a) The question everyone wants answered as regards the explosion of the space shuttle Colombia and the deaths of its astronauts is very simple: why?
    b) Following the explosion of the space shuttle, Colombia, and the deaths of its astronauts, the simple question everyone is asking: why?
    c) After the explosion of the space shuttle Colombia and the deaths of its astronauts, the problem that worried everyone, was: why?
    d) When the space shuttle Colombia exploded and its crew died, the question everyone was asking was quite simply: why?
    e) When the space shuttle Colombia, together with all its crew, exploded, everyone asked the same, simple question: why?
    44. Birleşmiş Milletler'in, Filistin'in Yahudi ve arap bölgelerine bölünmesini onaylaması üzerine, 14 Mayıs 1948'de İsrail devleti ilan edildi.
    a) Once The United Nations had recommended partitioning Palestine into Jewish and Arab regions, the state of Israel could have been proclaimed on 14 May 1948.
    b) Once the partition of Palestine into Jewish and Arab regions had been approved by the United Nations, the state of Israel was immediately proclaimed an 14 May 1948.
    c) Upon the United Nations' approval of the partition of Palestine into Jewish and Arab territories, the state o Israel was proclaimed on 14 May 1948.
    d) The state of Israel was proclaimed on 14 May 1948 since the United Nations was recommending the partitioning of Palestine into Jewish and Arab parts.
    e) The state of Israel was proclaimed on 14 May 1948 following there commendation of the United Nations that Palestine should be divided into Jewish and Arab territories.
    45. Ağlama, yalnızca insana özgü olan gülmenin tersine, insanın başka birçok hayvanla paylaştığı bir özelliktir.
    a) In common with many other animals, human beings laugh but do not cry.
    b) Humans, like many other animals, cry, but laughing seems to be reserved for them alone.
    c) Animals and humans can cry, but it is only humans, who laugh.
    d) The ability to cry is shared by humans and all other animal, but no laughter; that is uniquely human.
    e) Crying, as opposed to laughing which is uniquely human, is a characteristics that humans share with many other animals.

    46.-51. sorularda, boş bırakılan yere, parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz.

    46. In Japan, the brighter economic picture of the first 6 months of 2002 failed to carry over into the second half of the year. ___________. This was no doubt influenced by rising unemployment which is now at a record high.
    a) External demand supported Japan's exporters to some degree, but the domestic market was at a low ebb
    b) The year 2003 will doubtless be another difficult year for the Japanese economy
    c) Recovery looks like being slow
    d) This uncertainty gave rise to a cut in interest rates
    e) Once global investor confidence returns, equity markets will, in all likelihood, start to perform well again

    47. There is a popular theory that suggests we only use 10 per cent of our brain, and that if we could just find a way to tap the other 90 per cent it might be employed in the important question o how it works. ____________. A recent spate of studies shows that all areas of the brain are active when performing day-to-day functions and there is no 90 per cent that remains untapped.
    a) There are countless other ways in which the human brain is unique
    b) Unfortunately, this theory has turned out to be wrong
    c) We should also remember that other animals are clever too, though in different ways
    d) Another theory tries to account for the fact that we are suspicious of other's motives
    e) This explains why, unlike other animals, we are able to ignore the selfish dictates of our genes

    48. Satellite tracking of sharks has at last put an end to a 50-year-old assumption about their habits, ___________. Instead, they travel vast distances all year round in search of zooplankton, their favourite food.
    a) Our knowledge concerning the habits of sharks has increased immensely during this period
    b) Some assumptions never do get tested
    c) In this respect sharks are quite unlike whales
    d) It has now been finally established that they do not hibernate
    e) Such an assumption was easy enough to discredit

    49. A recent survey carried out by the UK lecturers' union shows that almost a quarter of respondents rate their academic freedom as limited, poor or non-existent. ___________. In 30% of cases, that pressure had come from the organization paying for the research.
    a) Researchers in every sector know that they must get positive results into journals
    b) Most worrying is the results of this loss of integrity on medical research
    c) Some researchers said they had been pressurized to alter results, delay their publication or even bury them
    d) The public loss of confidence in science has reached serious proportions and must be faced squarely
    e) Those with access to the truth are too often those with most to gain from avoiding it

    50. For many of the world's crucial arable lands, the availability of water is the single greatest threat to yields. ___________. One way to ensure this is drip irrigation which delivers water direct to the plants' roots. It is unfortunately, far more expensive than flood irrigation.
    a) Actually, certain minor changes could greatly improve the efficiency of many of the world's largest irrigation system
    b) Moreover, the monitoring of soil moisture can also be useful
    c) Agricultural researchers are working to develop strains of rice that require lass water
    d) In certain areas the food eaten by livestock comes from irrigated fields
    e) It is therefore essential that less water is wasted


    51. Zambia's people have a literacy rate of 78%, which is high compared with many poor African countries. However, it has only library, one university and no television stations. Its economy is very limited, with copper mining accounting for over 80% of the country's foreign currency intake. ___________.
    a) Even so, in 2001, its president, Chiluba, contemplated changing the constitution to allow him to run for another presidential term
    b) In fact, it has an annual industrial growth rate of only 1 per cent
    c) Early humans inhabited present-day Zambia two million years ago
    d) In 1972, Kenneth Kaunda, the first president o the country, outlawed all opposition political parties.
    e) In 1924, the British government took over the administration of the region

    52.-57. sorlarda, verilen durumda söylenmiş olabilecek sözü bulunuz.

    52. You have a friend, who is a banker, and for some time he has been advising you to buy certain shares. You have put off ding so, but it has become clear that your investments are not doing at all well, and so you have decided to take his advice. You phone him and say.
    a) It gave me a nasty shock to see that the shares you so strongly recommended have fallen so sharply.
    b) I'm somewhat uneasy about those shares you recommend. I'll think it over for a day or two.
    c) I wish I had bought more of those shares before they went up.
    d) By the way, the shares you persuaded me to buy really have gone up nicely.
    e) I'm quite convinced that your advice was right; so I'm going to invest in those shares.

    53. You are a professional climber helping to organize some amateurs. When the climbers left, the weather was clear and bright. But since than a great deal of mist has descended over the mountains and visibility is almost nil. None of these climbers are very experienced and you are worried that they will lose their way and perhaps panic and fall. You can't decide what to do but want to share you worry, and so turn to a colleague at the camp and say:
    a) Of course, in situation like this, we can't send anyone after them.
    b) Thanks goodness, we sent a good guide with them, so there's no need to worry.
    c) I do feel anxious about them. Have you any suggestions about what we ought to do?
    d) This mist is already lifting and that is the end of the problem.
    e) Several of them are quite experienced. Don't you think they'll manage to take care of the others?

    54. New policies for market expansion have been under discussion at a board meeting. The president likes to keep things as they are but you feel it is necessary to implement at least some new policies, or the company really will start to get into serious trouble. You say:
    a) I doubt whether any of these suggestions for market leadership would bear fruit.
    b) Sometimes change may be necessary. but in our case it isn't really urgent.
    c) Are these changes sufficient to keep the company afloat?
    d) I know you don't like change, but, unless such changes are introduced, the company is going to suffer.
    e) I'm not at all convinced that these new policies will get the results we want.

    55. A younger colleague has been working hard on a research project. He's now come across a major problem, and this has so discouraged him that he seems about to give the whole project up. You are quite sure he's perfectly capable of overcoming the problem. So, you say to him:
    a) With your talents, you can easily succeed! Just set your mind to it!
    b) If you are really in trouble there are plenty of people who will help you.
    c) It seems to me that this project constitutes too big a challenge for you.
    d) If you find this so difficult why don't you find another topic?
    e) Are you quite sure that this project is worth all the effort you are putting into it?

    56. A young colleague has unfortunately got himself mixed up with a group of decidedly unpleasant people. There have been two incidents recently in which the police have been called in. This has upset the young man and he has come to you for advice. You want him to make a complete break with the group around him immediately, and say firmly.
    a) It's time to make new friends, with people who are more like you.
    b) Start to see less of them; say you're busy.
    c) You'd better break off all ties with that group once and for all!
    d) I honestly can't understand what you see in them.
    e) If I were you, I'd slowly start to keep out of their way.



    57. You are as the lawyer for the defence at a trial for a case of burglary. When it's your turn to cross-examine the witness you begin by asking a question that doesn't relate to the man's appearance. You say:
    a) When you saw this man, was he smartly dressed?
    b) You say this man4s hair was black. Could that have been because the night was dark?
    c) You've described him well. How old do you think he was?
    d) Did the man seem to you to be excited, or was he quite calm?
    e) This man you saw, did he turn left or right when he left the building?

    58.-63. sorularda, cümleler sırasıyla okunduğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü bozan cümleyi bulunuz.

    58. (I)A true partnership between develop and developing countries could have achieved a breakthrough. (II)Over the past half-century the dream of a world free from poverty, disease and despair has grown no nearer to fulfilment. (III)In the 1960s, some 60 countries actually grew poorer. (IV)Over the years, 30,000 children have been dying daily of preventable disease. (V)Further, the spread of AIDS has become the most deadly epidemic in human history.
    a) I b) II c) III d) IV e) V

    59. (I)The world's population continues to increase. (II)And despite the rise in high-tech agriculture, 800 million people don't get enough to eat. (III)Admittedly, that's often due to a lack of money-the world actually produces enough for everyone, at least for now. (IV)In many African countries, famine has been a major concern for the United Nations. (V)But by 2050 we will have 9 billion mouths to feed, 3 billion more than today. .
    a) I b) II c) III d) IV e) V

    60. (I)It will be a bad year for football clubs across Europe. (II)Having met spiralling wage demands and transfer fees in the belief that increasing television revenues would cover the costs, the realization that they will not, will lead to urgent reform. (III)Clubs across Europe have been given lucrative television contracts. (IV)Middle-sized clubs in England, Italy and Germany will be worst affected. (V)At least ten well-known clubs are at risk of bankruptcy.
    a) I b) II c) III d) IV e) V

    61. (I)The Colosseum in Rome, which was the largest and most famous of the Roman amphitheatres, was opened for use in 80 A.D. (II)Even so, there are others that are in better condition. (III)Elliptical in shape, it consisted of three storeys and upper gallery. (IV)It was principally used for gladiatorial combat. (V)As for its capacity, it could seat up to 50,000 spectators.
    a) I b) II c) III d) IV e) V

    62. (I)Aerobic dancing, which exercises the whole body, is a popular type of exercise and is available at most community centres. (II)Stress aerobics primarily exercises the muscles in the upper legs (III)There people can exercise at their own pace with guidance from experienced instructors. (IV)Lively music and familiar routines make the workout enjoyable. (V)Further, committing oneself to a schedule and exercising with friends can improve motivation.
    a) I b) II c) III d) IV e) V

    63. (I)Sir Francis Galton is an English anthropologist and a pioneer of human intelligence studies. (II)He made important contributions to many fields of knowledge. (III)His research revealed important facts about the intellectual and physical characteristics that are passed on from one generation to the next. (IV)Galton's family included men and women of exceptional ability one of whom was his cousin Charles Darwin. (V)He also discovered that characteristics of two different generations could be plotted against one another.
    a) I b) II c) III d) IV e) V

    64.-69. sorularda, verilen cümleye anlamca en yakın olan cümleyi bulunuz.

    64. We might well find that we need more than three weeks in which to complete a report of this kind.
    a) It shouldn't take us more than three weeks to finish a report like this one.
    b) We might as well try to get this report finished within three weeks.
    c) I don't imagine we can get through this report in three weeks, but we can try.
    d) A report of this kind has never been drawn up in under three weeks.
    e) It's quite likely that three weeks won't be sufficient for us to finalize such a report.


    65. Frankly, in my opinion the girl's musical abilities are no more than average for her age.
    a) Even so, if you take the girl's age into account, her musical performance was no better than that of any of the others.
    b) To be honest, I don't think the girl's musical talents are anything out of the ordinary considering her age.
    c) To be fair, for a girl of her age, you can hardly regard her musical abilities as impressive.
    d) Indeed she's not all that young, so I don't think this girl merits so much praise for her musical abilities
    e) If you think about it, there's nothing extraordinary about her musical performance if you remember her age.

    66. For many years now transport planners in the UK have been demanding that motorists pay directly for the use of roads.
    a) In the opinion of British transport planners, it is the motorists themselves who should have paid for the upkeep of the roads all these years.
    b) Over the years, transport planners in the UK have been suggesting that the upkeep of roads must be paid for by the motorists themselves.
    c) Transport planners in the UK have, for a long time now, been insisting that those who use the roads must pay for them directly.
    d) British transport planners recommended, a long time ago, that those who use the roads must pay for their upkeep directly.
    e) In Britain, transport planners have been arguing for many years that the upkeep of the roads is the responsibility of motorists.

    67. The dramatic fall in share prices took even the experts by surprise.
    a) Even those in the know were unprepared for the rapid drop in share prices.
    b) The experts themselves were worried at the sudden drop in share prices.
    c) The rapid fall in share prices came as a shock to all but the experts.
    d) Even those who had been following share prices closely hadn't expected them to fall so dramatically.
    e) When share prices suddenly dropped, even those who knew the market well were apprehensive.

    68. The new range of products launched last Autumn is already selling well.
    a) The market for the new goods has improved greatly since last Autumn.
    b) Sales of the new products that appeared on the market in the Autumn, are at last doing well.
    c) Articles on sale for the first time in the Autumn are finally selling well.
    d) The goods put onto the market for the first time last Autumn lave already found plenty of buyers.
    e) The are still few buyers for t he new range of goods that first made an appearance last Autumn.

    69. Social behaviour depends very much on the information we collect about other people.
    a) Our social behaviour reflects to some extent what we feel about the people around us.
    b) The conduct of he people around us dictates our own social behaviour.
    c) Our knowledge of others has a considerable effect upon our social behaviour.
    d) Our attitude towards the people we come into contact with is naturally reflected in our social behaviour.
    e) As we collect information about other people the way we behave towards them may alter radically.
    70.-75. sorularda, karşılıklı konuşmanın boş bırakılan kısmını tamamlayabilecek ifadeyi bulunuz.

    70. Colin :- How do people spend their money in Britain once the basic expenses have been met?
    Gary :-It rather depends on the age group. The young ones like to eat and go to night clubs and health clubs.
    Colin : ______
    Gary :-They tend to spend quite a lot on improving their homes and their gardens.
    a) What about the summer holidays? Where do they like to go?
    b) Are you sure? I thought they liked going off to France or Spain at weekends.
    c) How old are these "young" people you talk about?
    d) That doesn4t appeal to me. I must be getting old!
    e) And what about the more sober middle-aged ones?
    71. Adam :- In the 1980s, surely, there were high rates of unemployment in Italy as well as in England?
    Clive :-Quite so. But in England you saw the unemployment everywhere, but not in Italy.
    Adam : ______
    Clive :-Because actually the people in Italy were all employed doing something in hundreds of informal ways that the taxman presumably never knew about.
    a) Not in Germany, either, I imagine.
    b) Are you sure about that?
    c) I never knew that. What happened?
    d) I wonder why that was?
    e) How odd! I suppose they all stayed indoors.
    72. Jean :- Why are you applying for a position in General Hospital in Southampton?
    Adam :-Well, to start with, it's a first class hospital. Also the situation appeals to me.
    Jean :______
    Adam :-Not really. Just one hour by rail.
    a) But it's an awful long way from London.
    b) I thought you'd prefer some place nearer to London.
    c) You haven't even seen the place!
    d) Well, it certainly doesn't appeal to me!
    e) Otherwise, you'd be advised to stay nearer to London.

    73. James :- The third lunar attempt was classified as a "successful failure". What an odd term!
    Alan :-Not really. It failed because it didn't achieve what it set out to do; but the crew were rescued and that was its success.
    James : ______
    Alan :-Right. And the emphasis is in the right place: on human life.
    a) I believe one of the oxygen tanks was ruptured during the attempt.
    b) Is that true or did you make it up?
    c) Yes, now I understand. It's logical when you think about it.
    d) I can't even remember why the attempt was aborted.
    e) When the shuttle Challenger exploded, it killed the crew of seven.

    74. Greg :- If they say something is a "foregone conclusion", what do they mean?
    Father :-They mean it's pretty certain what's going to happen.
    Greg : ______
    Father :-They mean there's not much doubt about which country is going to win.
    a) So, imagine they are talking about who is going to win the tennis tournament.
    b) So, if they are talking about who is going to win the war, what do they mean?
    c) Can there be a foregone conclusion when they are deciding on Nobel prize winners?
    d) But can one be quite certain about anything?
    e) Are you quite sure you are going to get that promotion?

    75. Janet:- Was "The Flying Scotsman" an aircraft?
    Bruce :_______
    Jean : - Then why is it described as "flying"?
    Bruce :-Because it was a fast train. It was a luxury express running between London and Edinburg.
    a) No, it wasn't; it was a train.
    b) I'm not sure. Perhaps it was.
    c) I don't think so. It could have been an athlete.
    d) Ask Richard. He's knowledgeable about aircraft.
    e) I don't see why it should be.

    76.-80. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.
    It may be that golf originated in Holland but certainly Scotland fostered the game and is famous for it. In fact, in 1457 the Scottish Parliament, disturbed because football and golf had lured young Scots from the more soldierly exercise of archery, passed an ordinance that banned football and golf. James I and Charles I of the royal line of Stuarts were golf enthusiasts, whereby the game came to be known as "the royal and ancient game of golf". The golf balls used in the early games were leather-covered and stuffed with feathers. Clubs of all kinds were fashioned by hand to suit individual-players. The great step in spreading the game came with the change from the feather ball to the present-day ball introduced in about 1850. In 1860, formal competitions began with the establishment of an annual tournament for the British Open championship. There are records of "golf clubs" in the United States as far back as colonial days. However, it remained a rather sedate and almost aristocratic pastime until a 20-year-old Francis Ouimet of Boston defeated two great British professionals, Harry Vardon and Ted Ray, in the United States Open championship at Brookline, Mass., in 1913. This feat put the game and Francis Ouimet on the front pages of the newspapers and stirred a wave of enthuslasm for the sport.

    76. As we understand from the passage, golf only became a popular game __________.
    a) after an unknown American beat two famous British golf players in a US tournament.
    b) following the annual tournament organized in 1860.
    c) in the time of James.
    d) after the introduction of annual formal competitions in both England and America.
    e) after golf clubs were set up in colonial America.

    77. According to the passage, it was at one time believed in Scotland that __________.
    a) football was a better game than golf for young people.
    b) annual tournaments made the game too competitive.
    c) golf was having an adverse effect on young people's military skills
    d) young people should be encouraged to take up either golf or archery
    e) the origins of archery were in some way associated with Holland

    78. It is pointed out in the passage that golf __________.
    a) was to some extent practised in colonial America
    b) has been overshadowed by football in recent times
    c) requires a great deal of expensive equipment
    d) receives less newspaper coverage than football
    e) didn't arouse as much enthusiasm as archery did in medieval Scotland

    79. The point is made in the passage that golf has been described as a "royal" game __________.
    a) though for the last two centuries no kings have participated in the game
    b) since the professionals of the game are treated with so much respect
    c) as golf clubs are particular about who they accept as members
    d) because two British kings were passionately
    e) which Americans find very annoying

    80. As we learn from the passage, it was around the mid-19th century that __________.
    a) the old golf ordinance of the Scottish Parliament was repealed
    b) the first formal golf competitions between America and Britain were held
    c) the newspapers began to cover major golf championships
    d) Scotland became the world's leading country in golf
    e) important changes were introduced into golf

    81.-85. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.
    The economic news from Europe was particularly disappointing in the second half of 2002. Moreover, recent surveys from the region imply little prospect of improvement in the near future. Perhaps the most worrying aspect has been the sharp decline in conditions in Germany-the area's largest and most important economy. Domestic demand in Germany is very weak and, with the global economy also struggling, Germany's manufacturers have not been able to export their way out of trouble as they have done in the past. With the economy in such a weak state, it is no surprise then that European stock markets have followed the US stock markets' downturn over the past 6 months. While individual share pries may be lower and market valuations look attractive, the economy does not. Recovery seems some way off and strong equity performance from Europe's markets seems unlikely in 2003.

    81. We understand from the passage that the economic prospects in the current year for the European stock markets __________.
    a) are not foreseeable
    b) are certainly promising
    c) are constantly under discussion
    d) seem most encouraging
    e) don't look hopeful

    82. It is pointed out in the passage that the present economic recession in Germany __________.
    a) is actually not as serious as is being experienced in several other European countries
    b) is being overcome by means of increased exports
    c) is more persistent than previous ones have been
    d) should have been foreseen much earlier
    e) has been exaggerated in several surveys recently

    83. The passage points out that Germany's current economic problems __________.
    a) have left the stock markets of Europe unaffected
    b) have led to a worrying decline in the world economy
    c) are far serious than those of any other country in Europe
    d) stem in part from a drop in domestic sales
    e) are in fact not as alarming as they were once thought to be


    84. According to the passage, the trend in European stock markets __________.
    a) does not reflect the economic situation in Germany
    b) has been roughly the same as that in the US stock markets
    c) improved greatly during the last six months of 2002
    d) is related to the level of domestic demand in Germany
    e) seems to change every six months

    85. The phrase "to export their way out of trouble" means __________.
    a) to expand their market capacity through more exports
    b) to find trouble-free markets for exports
    c) to work extremely hard to increase their exports
    d) to put and end to the slump
    e) to get out of the recession through increased exports

    86.-90. sorularda aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.
    Scientist who study earth's moon have two big regrets about the six Apollo missions that landed a dozen astronauts on the lunar surface between 1969 and 1972. The biggest regret, of course, is that the emissions ended so abruptly, with so much of the moon still unexplored. But researchers also lament that the great triumph of Apollo led to a popular misconception: because astronauts have visited the moon, there is no compelling reason to go back. In the 1990s, however, two probes that orbited the moon raised new questions about Earth's airless satellite. One stunning discovery was strong evidence of water ice in the perpetually shadowed areas near the moon's poles. Because scientists believe that comets deposited water and organic compounds on both Earth and its moon, well-preserved ice at the lunar poles could yield clues to the origins of life.
    86. The point made in the passage is that it may be possible to __________.
    a) come to a better understanding of comets through the study of the moon
    b) learn more about the beginnings of life from the ice at the moon's poles
    c) resume Apollo missions as there is evidence of water on the moon
    d) identify the origin of the organic compounds found on the moon
    e) have a full knowledge of the moon without sending anymore astronauts there

    87. As is pointed out in the passage, one significant outcome of the lunar probes in the 1990s was __________.
    a) the staggering finding of evidence of water on the moon
    b) the focussing of scientific attention on the comets
    c) the resumption of lunar missions
    d) the realization that life is possible on the moon
    e) the realization that there were great similarities between earth and moon

    88. According to the passage, even through there were six Apollo missions to the moon roughly thirty years ago, __________.
    a) none of them could claim to be successful
    b) man's knowledge of the moon has not increased at all
    c) a very large proportion of the lunar surface remains to date unexamined
    d) it was only the lunar poles that were explored fully
    e) the idea of sending astronauts back to the moon seems even more far-fetched than formerly

    89. As we understand from the passage, a great many people __________.
    a) believe lunar missions should continue indefinitely
    b) regard the Apollo missions as a scientific breakthrough
    c) are sure the moon cannot support life
    d) feel that the very fact that man has landed on the moon is enough
    e) regard scientific investigations of the moon as unfeasible

    90. A major point made in the passage is that __________.
    a) comets hold the secrets of the origins of life in the universe
    b) the six Apollo missions to the moon were a great scientific success
    c) the chances of finding water on the moon are very slim
    d) the probes of the 1990s demonstrated that the lunar landings should have continued
    e) scientists are agreed that there is nothing further to learn about the moon


    91.-95. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.
    The US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NITS) will soon be testing a controversial theory about the collapse of the World Trade Center towers. According to an analysis by a leading fire-safety expert, had the fire-proofing insulation on the towers' steel structures been thicker, the towers would have survived longer and might even have remained standing after they were hit by the hijacked planes. The work is being seized on by lawyers representing victims' families and insurance companies. If confirmed, it could also lead to changes in building codes. NIST is responsible for drawing up the final report on the towers' collapses and recommending if any changes are needed. It is widely accepted that the collapses were caused by the failure of the buildings' steel structure as it was weakened by the heat of the fires.
    91. As it is pointed out in the passage, it is commonly recognized that the main cause for the collapse of the twin towers __________.
    a) will only be understood after the release of a detailed report by NITS
    b) can never be established beyond doubt
    c) was the weakening of the steel structure due to the heat of the fire
    d) was not so much due to the heat of the fires as to the force of the impact of the hijacked planes
    e) is of special interest to insurance companies

    92. It is clear from the passage that __________.
    a) the strength of the steel structure of the towers had been questioned when the designs were drawn up
    b) NIST has already made a through study of the collapse of the towers
    c) the reason for the sudden collapse of the two towers is still under debate
    d) the structure of the twin towers was in many respects well below standard
    e) the hijacked planes hit the weakest parts of the twin towers

    93. As we learn from the passage, a specialist in fire safety __________.
    a) puts the blame for the collapse of the towers on the thin fire-proofing insulation
    b) is to blame for negligence as regards the buming of the twin towers
    c) has been cooperating with the victims' lawyers to start legal procedures
    d) has been commissioned to prepare a report on the collapse of the towers
    e) should have been aware of the structural weakness of the towers and given due warning

    94. As is pointed out in the passage, the inadequacy of the fire-proofing insulation of the towers __________.
    a) has been accepted by NIST as the main cause of the collapse
    b) has aroused a great deal of legal attention
    c) is less important than the weakness of the steel structure as the cause f the collapse
    d) had long been recognized by fire-safety experts as the weakest point in their construction
    e) has never been considered by any serious body

    95. According to the passage, if the tower collapse theory concerning the fire-proofing insulation proves to be true, __________.
    a) this will have, even so, no direct bearing on the fight against terrorism
    b) the victims' families will get no compensation
    c) this will free NITS from all blame
    d) then lawyers will have no grounds for objections
    e) then NITS will probably introduce new building regulations

    96.-100. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.
    The long-expected decline in the dollar is now well under way. For years economists have predicted that America's huge current-account deficit would eventually cause its currency to plunge. So far the dollar's slide has been fairly gradual: it is down by 13% in trade-weighted terms over the past year, though it has dropped by almost twice as much against the euro since its 2001 peak. As the decline seemed to pick up speed this week, John Snow, George Bush's Treasury Secretary, declared that he favours a "strong dollar policy". That was surely the wrong answer, even leaving aside the debatable issue of whether cabinet secretaries can influence the level of exchange rates. A weaker, not a stronger dollar, is what the world needs now-so long as policymakers elsewhere respond appropriately. America promoted a strong dollar throughout the 1990s, when inflation was still thought to be the main enemy. Today it makes less sense. Even after its recent slide, the dollar seems overvalued. Moreover, with ample space capacity in America, deflation looks a bigger risk than inflation.


    96. It is pointed out in the passage that the American policy, in the 1990s, for a strong dollar __________.
    a) seems less rational now than it did than
    b) has proved successful in boosting the economy
    c) has been reversed by the Treasury Secretary, John Snow
    d) has frequently been disregarded by American economists
    e) has been a major reason for the decline of the euro

    97. It is stressed in the passage that for the American economy, __________.
    a) John Snow's policies promise a great deal of hope
    b) it is not inflation but deflation that in fact may pose the more serious problem
    c) the global level of exchange rates constitutes a major threat
    d) and for the world economy, a strong dollar is of vital importance
    e) policy makers agree that deflation has been responsible for many of the problems

    98. According to the passage, what has brought about the fall of the American dollar, __________.
    a) is the erratic global fluctuations in exchange rates
    b) is the enormous deficit experienced by the American economy
    c) has been a persistent recession in the global economy
    d) is the wrong economic policies introduced by John Snow, Treasury Secretary
    e) is the unexpected rise in the value of the euro

    99. As we understand from the passage, the decline in the value of the American dollar has, __________.
    a) had an adverse effect upon the value of the euro
    b) bolstered American trade
    c) been foreseen by economists over a long period of time
    d) been a major headache for policy makers
    e) followed an unpredictable pattern

    100. In the passage, with the phrase "the wrong answer" is meant __________.
    a) the American government's indifference to the decline of the dollar
    b) the policy of keeping the dollar in the line with the euro
    c) keeping the dollar strong through trade
    d) permitting the current-account deficit to continue
    e) the Treasury Secretary's preference for a strong dollar policy
    CEVAP ANAHTARI
    1 c
    2 d
    3 a
    4 b
    5 a
    6 b
    7 c
    8 a
    9 c
    10 e
    11 a
    12 c
    13 b
    14 e
    15 d
    16 e
    17 d
    18 e
    19 a
    20 b
    21 c
    22 d
    23 e
    24 a
    25 d 26 d
    27 c
    28 b
    29 b
    30 e
    31 b
    32 c
    33 d
    34 a
    35 e
    36 d
    37 e
    38 c
    39 b
    40 a
    41 b
    42 d
    43 a
    44 c
    45 e
    46 a
    47 b
    48 d
    49 c
    50 e 51 b
    52 e
    53 c
    54 d
    55 a
    56 c
    57 e
    58 a
    59 d
    60 c
    61 b
    62 b
    63 d
    64 e
    65 b
    66 c
    67 a
    68 d
    69 c
    70 e
    71 d
    72 a
    73 c
    74 b
    75 a 76 a
    77 c
    78 a
    79 d
    80 e
    81 e
    82 c
    83 d
    84 b
    85 e
    86 b
    87 a
    88 c
    89 d
    90 a
    91 c
    92 c
    93 a
    94 b
    95 e
    96 a
    97 b
    98 b
    99 c
    100 e
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